Having: lahu, lakum and the pronouns after li and bi
How Arabic says "he has" and "for you" with li and a pronoun, and the pronouns the corpus counts apart after li and bi.
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- Erayada Qur’aanka ee si buuxda loo yaqaan
- 44.8%
- Qaybaha erayada Qur’aanka ee la baray ilaa hadda
- 66.4%
Waxaa laga tiriyey Quranic Arabic Corpus: eray si buuxda ayaa loo yaqaan marka qayb kasta oo ka mid ah la baray. Tirooyinku waxay sheegayaan erayada aad la kulantay, ma aha inta aad fahantay.
Arabic most often says "have" with no verb. It says that a thing is "for" someone, with li and a pronoun: lahu is "for him", and so "he has". This lesson teaches that, and the pronouns as the corpus writes them after li and bi.
The new words
- كُمْSida Qur’aanku u qoro: كُمْ
you, your (more than two)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 262
- هُۥSida Qur’aanku u qoro: هُۥ
him, it (lahu: to him, he has)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 232
- هِۦSida Qur’aanku u qoro: هِۦ
him, it (bihi: with it, in it)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 261
- هُمُSida Qur’aanku u qoro: هُمُ
they, them
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 132
- هَاSida Qur’aanku u qoro: هَا
her, it (a thing called feminine)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 110
- نَاSida Qur’aanku u qoro: نَا
us
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 70
- كُمSida Qur’aanku u qoro: كُم
you, your (more than two)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 80
- كَSida Qur’aanku u qoro: كَ
you (one man)
Inta jeer ee uu Qur’aanka ku jiro: 80
These are the pronouns of the second lesson. After li and bi, and in a few other places, the corpus writes the pronoun as a word of its own rather than as a part joined to the end, and names it by its spelling. So the table counts them apart: -kum after la- is here, and -kum after a noun was in lesson 2. Humu is the one that is more than that: it is "they" or "them" with u on its m, most often before al-, and it stands after li less often than it stands on its own, as hum, "they", of lesson 5 does.
Li with a pronoun
Before a pronoun, li is said la, except before -ī, "me", where it stays lī.
- لَfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- هُۥhim, it (lahu: to him, he has)
Lahu is la and hu, "him". In the corpus's spelling hu is written with a small wāw that lengthens its vowel.
- لَّfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- كُمْyou, your (more than two)
Lakum is la and kum, "you", more than two: "for you".
- لَfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- هَاher, it (a thing called feminine)
Lahā is la and hā, "her" or "it", for a thing called feminine.
Bi with a pronoun
- بِwith, by, in
- هِۦhim, it (bihi: with it, in it)
Bihi is bi and hi, "him" or "it": "with it" or "by it". After i, the pronoun hu is said hi, as hum is said him.
In a sentence
You have a book.
This sentence was written for practice. Laka kitābun: "for you", laka, then "a book", with -un because it is not definite: "you have a book".
Reading
Erayada aad si buuxda u taqaan casharkan kadib waa la calaamadeeyey.
26. (Alle) baa iska leh waxa ku sugan samooyinka iyo arlada, kulligood Isagay u hoggaansan yihiin (oo adeecaan).
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26100. Waxay ku leeyihiin gudaheeda cartan iyo hiinraag, oo waxna gudaheeda kuma maqlaan.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.2649. Haddayse garta leeyihiin waa u yimaadaan dhaqso, iyagoo adeecsan.
Somali Translation - Abdullah Hasan Yaqoub · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.26Recall
- How does Arabic say "he has"?
- How is li said before a pronoun?
- Why is it bihi and not bihu?
Answers: lahu, "for him"; la, but lī before -ī; after i, hu is said hi.
Next
The next lesson teaches the pronouns that stand on their own, "you", "we" and "they", and the dual: two people or things.
Falanqaynta erayada: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)