She, I, which: the small words still to come
Eight small words the Qur’ān uses often, and how some of them work with a verb, a noun or what comes after them.
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- Perkataan al-Quran yang diketahui sepenuhnya
- 63.4%
- Bahagian perkataan al-Quran yang sudah diajarkan
- 77.9%
Dikira daripada Quranic Arabic Corpus: sesuatu perkataan diketahui sepenuhnya apabila setiap bahagiannya sudah diajarkan. Bilangan ini menunjukkan perkataan yang telah anda temui, bukan sejauh mana anda memahaminya.
Most of the small words were taught in the first lessons. These are eight of the commonest still to come. None of them is hard, and each has a job of its own in the sentence.
The new words
- أَيُّهَاSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: أَيُّهَا · أَيُّهَ · أَيُّهَآ
said after "O" before a noun with al-
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 153
- هِىَSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: هِىَ
she; it
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 63
- أَنَا۠Seperti yang ditulis al-Quran: أَنَا۠
I
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 61
- أَىّSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: أَىِّ · أَيُّ · أَىُّ
which
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 60
- أَمَّاSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: أَمَّا · أَمَّآ
as for
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 55
- أَلَآSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: أَلَآ · أَلَا
opens a sentence, calling attention
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 39
- سَوْفSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: سَوْفَ
will (of the future)
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 42
- لَٰكِنّSeperti yang ditulis al-Quran: لَٰكِنَّ
but
Kekerapan dalam al-Quran: 57
She and I
Lesson 5 taught huwa and lesson 13 anta. Hiya is "she", or "it" for a thing the language calls feminine. Anā is "I". Each stands on its own.
- هِىَshe; it
Hiya. The corpus marks it third person, feminine, singular.
- أَنَا۠I
Anā. The corpus marks it first person, singular. The Qur’ān's spelling writes an alif at its end; how that alif is sounded is taught in the library's Tajwīd title.
She is in the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Hiya fī l-bayti: "she", then where she is, and no word for "is".
Ayyuhā
Lesson 10 taught yā, "O". Before a noun with al-, Arabic as a rule puts ayyuhā between them, or ayyatuhā if the noun is feminine; it has no meaning of its own to translate.
- يَٰٓO (calling someone)
- أَيُّهَاsaid after "O" before a noun with al-
In the Qur’ān's spelling yā-ayyuhā is written as one word, with yā and ayyuhā. The noun after it is in the nominative.
Which
Ayy is "which". In the two words here it asks, and it is the first part of an iḍāfah: the word after it, or the pronoun joined to it, is the second.
- لِfor, to, belonging to; so that (before a verb); surely (in some sentences)
- أَىِّwhich
Li-ayyi is li and ayyi, in the genitive after it. The next word, yawmin, is in the genitive too, as the second noun of the iḍāfah.
- بِwith, by, in
- أَييِّwhich
- كُمُyou, your (more than two)
Bi-ayyikumu is bi, then ayyi, in the genitive after it, then kumu, "you", joined to it as the second part: "which of you".
As for
Ammā is "as for": it sets something out on its own, and what is said of it follows with fa.
Setelah berlaku demikian, maka (manusia akan diberikan tempatnya menurut amal masing-masing); adapun orang yang berat timbangan amal baiknya, -
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0The verse opens with fa, then ammā. The sentence ammā begins finishes in the verse after it, which opens with fa-.
Sawfa
Sawfa, like sa- from lesson 7, puts a present verb in the future. It is a word of its own, not joined to the next.
- سَوْفَwill (of the future)
Sawfa: the corpus calls it a particle of the future. The word after it is the present of ʿalima, taʿlamūna: "you will know".
Alā
Alā opens a sentence and calls attention to it. The corpus marks it as a particle of beginning.
- أَلَآopens a sentence, calling attention
Alā: it stands at the head of what follows.
Lākinna
Lesson 16 taught lākin, "but", with a single n. Lākinna, with the doubled n, works like inna: the noun after it takes the accusative, and a pronoun is joined to it.
- وَand
- لَٰكِنَّbut
- كُمْyou, your (more than two)
Wa-lākinnakum is wa, then lākinna, then kum, "you", joined to it as to inna.
In a sentence
I am here.
This sentence was written for practice. Anā hunā: "I", then "here", and no verb between them, as lesson 13 did with naḥnu.
Reading
Perkataan yang anda ketahui sepenuhnya selepas pelajaran ini ditandakan.
(Setelah Al-Quran diturunkan kepada mereka) mereka mengingkarinya; oleh itu mereka akan mengetahui kelak (akibat kekufurannya).
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0(Tidakkah ia memikirkan) dari apakah ia diciptakan oleh Allah? -
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0(Mengapa manusia terpedaya dan bermegah-megah?) Tidakkah Kami telah menjadikan baginya: dua mata (untuk ia memerhatikan kekuasaan dan kekayaan Kami?) -
Malay Translation - Abdullah Basumayyah · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.0Recall
- What goes between yā and a noun with al-?
- What is joined to the front of what is said after ammā?
- How does lākinna change the noun after it?
Answers: ayyuhā; fa; it puts it in the accusative.
Next
The next lesson teaches how to say "better than", and eight common nouns.
Analisis perkataan: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)