Al-Jaathiya

حمٓ 1

{ حم } الله أعلم بمراده به.

Hā mīm: God knows best what He means by these [letters].

تَنزِيلُ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْعَزِيزِ ٱلْحَكِيمِ 2

{ تنزيل الكتب } القرآن مبتدأ { من الله } خبره { العزيز } في ملكه { الحكيم } في صنعه.

The revelation of the Book, the Qur’ān (tanzīlu’l-kitābi, the subject) is from God (mina’Llāhi, the predicate thereof) the Mighty, in His kingdom, the Wise, in His actions.

إِنَّ فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ لَـَٔايَـٰتٍ لِّلْمُؤْمِنِينَ 3

{ إن فى السموات والأرض } أي في خلقهما { لأيت } دالة على قدرة الله تعالى ووحدانيته تعالى { للمؤمنين }.

Truly in the heavens and the earth, that is to say, in their creation, there are signs, indicating the power of God and His Oneness, exalted be He, for believers.

وَفِى خَلْقِكُمْ وَمَا يَبُثُّ مِن دَآبَّةٍ ءَايَـٰتٌ لِّقَوْمٍ يُوقِنُونَ 4

{ وفى خلقكم } أي في خلق كل منكم من نطفة ثم علقة ثم مضغة إلى أن صار إنسانا { و } خلق { ما يبث } يفرق في الأرض { من دابة } هي ما يدب على الأرض من الناس وغيرهم { ءايت لقوم يوقنون } بالبعث.

And in your creation, that is to say, and in the creation of every one of you from a sperm-drop, then a blood clot, then an embryo until it becomes a human being; and, [in] the creation of, what He has scattered, [what] He has dispersed throughout the earth, of animals — [dābba denotes] whatever treads on (yadubbu) the earth of [both] human beings and other [animals] — there are signs for a people who are certain, of the Resurrection;

وَٱخْتِلَـٰفِ ٱلَّيْلِ وَٱلنَّهَارِ وَمَآ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مِن رِّزْقٍ فَأَحْيَا بِهِ ٱلْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا وَتَصْرِيفِ ٱلرِّيَـٰحِ ءَايَـٰتٌ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ 5

{ و } في { اختلف اليل والنهار } ذهابهما ومجيئهما { وما أنزل الله من السماء من رزق } مطر لأنه سبب الرزق { فأحيا به الأرض بعد موتها وتصريف الريح } تقليبها مرة جنوبا ومرة شمالا وباردة وحارة { ءايت لقوم يعقلون } الدليل فيؤمنون.

and, in, the alternation of night and day, their passing and their arrival, and what God sends down from the heaven [in the way] of provision, rain, for it constitutes a means of provision, with which He revives the earth after it is dead, and the circulation of the winds, its alternation between southerly and northerly, hot and cold, there are signs for a people who understand, proofs and therefore have faith.

تِلْكَ ءَايَـٰتُ ٱللَّهِ نَتْلُوهَا عَلَيْكَ بِٱلْحَقِّ ۖ فَبِأَىِّ حَدِيثٍۭ بَعْدَ ٱللَّهِ وَءَايَـٰتِهِۦ يُؤْمِنُونَ 6

{ تلك } الآيات المذكورة { ءايت الله } حججه الدالة على وحدانيته { نتلوها } نقصها { عليك بالحق } متعلق ب «نتلو» { فبأى حديث بعد الله } أي حديثه وهو القرآن { وءايته } حججه { يؤمنون }؟ أي كفار مكة، أي لا يؤمنون وفي قراءة بالتاء.

These, mentioned signs, are the signs of God, the proofs of His that indicate His Oneness, which We recite, relate, to you with truth (bi’l-haqqi is semantically connected to natlū, ‘We recite’). So in what [kind of] discourse then, after God, that is to say, [after] His discourse, namely, the Qur’ān, and His signs, His definitive arguments, will they, that is, the disbelievers of Mecca, believe? In other words: they will not believe [in anything] (a variant reading [for yu’minūna, ‘they believe’] has tu’minūna, ‘you believe’).

وَيْلٌ لِّكُلِّ أَفَّاكٍ أَثِيمٍ 7

{ ويل } كلمة عذاب { لكل أفاك } كذاب { أثيم } كثير الإثم.

Woe (waylun is an expression implying chastisement) to every sinful liar,

يَسْمَعُ ءَايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ يُصِرُّ مُسْتَكْبِرًا كَأَن لَّمْ يَسْمَعْهَا ۖ فَبَشِّرْهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ 8

{ يسمع ءايت الله } القرآن { تتلى عليه ثم يصر } على كفره { مستكبرا } متكبرا عن الإيمان { كأن لم يسمعها فبشره بعذاب أليم } مؤلم.

who hears the signs of God, the Qur’ān, being recited to him, then persists, in his disbelief, arrogantly, disdainful of faith, as if he had not heard them. So give him tidings of a painful chastisement.

وَإِذَا عَلِمَ مِنْ ءَايَـٰتِنَا شَيْـًٔا ٱتَّخَذَهَا هُزُوًا ۚ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ 9

{ وإذا علم من ءايتنا } أي القرآن { شيئا اتخذها هزوا } أي مهزوءا بها { أولئك } أي الأفاكون { لهم عذاب مهين } ذو إهانة.

And should he come to know anything of Our signs, namely, the Qur’ān, he takes them in mockery. For such, liars — there is a degrading chastisement.

مِّن وَرَآئِهِمْ جَهَنَّمُ ۖ وَلَا يُغْنِى عَنْهُم مَّا كَسَبُوا۟ شَيْـًٔا وَلَا مَا ٱتَّخَذُوا۟ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ أَوْلِيَآءَ ۖ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ 10

{ من ورائهم } أي أمامهم لأنهم في الدنيا { جهنم ولا يغنى عنهم ما كسبوا } من المال والفعال { شيئا ولا ما اتخذوا من دون الله } أي الأصنام { أولياء ولهم عذاب عظيم }.

Beyond them, that is to say, ahead of them — because they are [still] in this world — is Hell, and that which they have earned, of wealth and deeds, will not avail them in any way, nor those whom they took besides God, that is, idols, as patrons. And for them there will be a great chastisement.

هَـٰذَا هُدًى ۖ وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ بِـَٔايَـٰتِ رَبِّهِمْ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ مِّن رِّجْزٍ أَلِيمٌ 11

{ هذا } أي القرآن { هدى } من الضلالة { والذين كفروا بئايت ربهم لهم عذاب } حظ { من رجز } أي عذاب { أليم } موجع.

This, that is, the Qur’ān, is a guidance, from error; and those who disbelieve in the signs of their Lord, for them there will be a torture, a lot, of a painful, an excruciating, chastisement.

ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِى سَخَّرَ لَكُمُ ٱلْبَحْرَ لِتَجْرِىَ ٱلْفُلْكُ فِيهِ بِأَمْرِهِۦ وَلِتَبْتَغُوا۟ مِن فَضْلِهِۦ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ 12

{ الله الذى سخر لكم البحر لتجرى الفلك } السفن { فيه بأمره } بإذنه { ولتبتغوا } تطلبوا بالتجارة { من فضله ولعلكم تشكرون }.

God it is Who disposed for you the sea so that the ships may sail upon it by His command, by His permission, and that you may seek, that you may request, by way of trade, of His bounty, and that perhaps you may give thanks.