Janāzah · 01 of 08
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Janāzah
الجنازةজানাযা
Scholarly review: pending
This text comes from the Sabīl print library. Its scholarly review is still in progress; every item will carry its reviewers’ names and the date once two scholars have signed it.
Death & Burial
الْجَنَائِزُ
Al-janā’iz
What to do, in order, from the last breath to the filling of the grave. Carry it before you need it.
2 · The dying, and the moment of death
3 · Washing the body
4 · The shroud
5 · Ṣalāt al-Janāzah
6 · The du‘ā over the deceased
7 · The burial
8 · Mourning, and the grave
A farḍ kifāyah — binding on the community until some perform it. Ḥ · M · S · Ḥb noted where they differ.
02The dying
Prompting the shahādah
Say it gently in their presence so they may follow. Do not command them or repeat it insistently; once they say it, stop.
لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ
Lā ilāha illallāh
Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ — “Whoever’s last words are lā ilāha illallāh enters Paradise.” Abū Dāwūd · ṣaḥīḥ
At the moment of death
1 Close the eyes and bind the jaw.
2 Cover the whole body with a cloth.
3 Hasten the washing, prayer and burial.
4 Settle their debts without delay.
5 Inform family and the wider community.
Said on closing the eyes
اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِفُلَانٍ وَارْفَعْ دَرَجَتَهُ فِي الْمَهْدِيِّينَ
Allāhumma-ghfir li-[name] warfa‘ darajatahu fil-mahdiyyīn
O Allah, forgive him and raise his rank among the rightly guided.
Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ — said by the Prophet ﷺ at the death of Abū Salamah ـؓ
03The washing
Washed by those of the same sex; a spouse may wash a spouse. Screen the body and keep what is seen in confidence.
1 Cover from navel to knee throughout.
2 Press the abdomen gently to expel what remains; wash it away wearing a cloth on the hand.
3 Perform wuḍū upon the body, without entering water into mouth or nose.
4 Wash the head and beard with lote leaf, or soap.
5 Wash the right side, then the left — an odd number of times: three, five or seven.
6 Add camphor to the final washing.
7 Dry the body; a woman’s hair is combed and plaited in three braids laid behind her.
Bukhārī, Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ — the ḥadīth of Umm ‘Aṭiyyah ـؓ on the washing of Zaynab ـؓ
Not washed: one killed in battle on the field — buried in the clothes they died in, with their blood, and not prayed over per S and Ḥb. A miscarried child of four months or more is washed, named and prayed over.
Bukhārī · ṣaḥīḥ; Abū Dāwūd, Nasā’ī · ṣaḥīḥ
04The shroud
Plain white cloth is the sunnah. It is paid from the estate before debts and bequests.
A man
Three white sheets, each large enough to wrap the whole body. Lay them one over another, place the body upon them, and fold the left edge over, then the right, for each in turn.
Bukhārī, Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ — the Prophet ﷺ was shrouded in three white Yemeni cloths, with no shirt or turban.
A woman
Five pieces — a waist wrapper, a shift, a head cover, and two enveloping sheets.
Abū Dāwūd · the report of Laylā bint Qānif ـؓ · ḥasan in its meaning; the practice of the Companions.
Perfume the shroud, except for one who died in iḥrām — they are neither perfumed nor have the head covered, for they are raised pronouncing the talbiyah.
Bukhārī, Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ
Tie the ends above the head and below the feet; untie them once the body is laid in the grave.
05Ṣalāt al-Janāzah
Standing only — no bowing, no prostration, no adhān and no iqāmah. Four takbīrs, then one salām.
Takbīr 1 — raise the hands, then recite al-Fātiḥah.
Takbīr 2 — the ṣalāt upon the Prophet ﷺ, as in the tashahhud.
Takbīr 3 — the du‘ā for the deceased (card 06).
Takbīr 4 — pause briefly, ask for yourself and the Muslims, then say salām to the right.
Bukhārī · ṣaḥīḥ — Ibn ‘Abbās ـؓ recited al-Fātiḥah aloud “so they would know it is sunnah.”
Where the madhāhib differ
Al-Fātiḥah — obligatory per S and Ḥb; Ḥ recites the opening praise instead; M confines it to praise and du‘ā.
Raising the hands — at every takbīr per S, Ḥb and Ḥ; at the first alone per M.
Salām — one to the right per Ḥ, M and Ḥb; two are permitted per S.
The imam stands level with the head of a man and the middle of a woman. Rows behind are best made three or more.
Bukhārī, Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ — the ḥadīth of Samurah ـؓ; Tirmidhī · ḥasan
06The du‘ā
For an adult
اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لَهُ وَارْحَمْهُ وَعَافِهِ وَاعْفُ عَنْهُ وَأَكْرِمْ نُزُلَهُ وَوَسِّعْ مُدْخَلَهُ وَاغْسِلْهُ بِالْمَاءِ وَالثَّلْجِ وَالْبَرَدِ وَنَقِّهِ مِنَ الْخَطَايَا كَمَا نَقَّيْتَ الثَّوْبَ الأَبْيَضَ مِنَ الدَّنَسِ وَأَبْدِلْهُ دَارًا خَيْرًا مِنْ دَارِهِ وَأَهْلاً خَيْرًا مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَزَوْجًا خَيْرًا مِنْ زَوْجِهِ وَأَدْخِلْهُ الْجَنَّةَ وَأَعِذْهُ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ أَوْ مِنْ عَذَابِ النَّارِ
Allāhumma-ghfir lahu wa-rḥamhu wa ‘āfihi wa-‘fu ‘anhu wa akrim nuzulahu wa wassi‘ mudkhalahu wa-ghsilhu bil-mā’i wath-thalji wal-baradi wa naqqihi minal-khaṭāyā kamā naqqaytath-thawbal-abyaḍa minad-danasi wa abdilhu dāran khayran min dārihi wa ahlan khayran min ahlihi wa zawjan khayran min zawjihi wa adkhilhul-jannata wa a‘idhhu min ‘adhābil-qabri aw min ‘adhābin-nār
The whole narration
Jubair b. Nufair says:I heard it from 'Auf b. Malik that the Prophet (ﷺ) said prayer on the dead body, and I remembered his prayer:" O Allah! forgive him, have mercy upon him, give him peace and absolve him. Receive him with honour and make his grave spacious; wash him with water, snow and hail. Cleanse him from faults as Thou wouldst cleanse a white garment from impurity. Requite him with an abode more excellent than his abode, with a family better than his family, and with a mate better than his mate. Admit him to the Garden, and protect him from the torment of the grave and the torment of the Fire." ('Auf bin Malik) said: I earnestly desired that I were this dead body
The translation is the open dataset’s own, shown as it stands: no translator is named, its rights are not verified, and nobody has checked it against the Arabic.
Shown whole, from Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim · No. 2232. In print this text is set shorter. The print’s own lines beneath it were written for the shorter text.
O Allah, forgive him and have mercy on him; pardon him; honour his arrival and widen his entry; wash him with water, snow and hail, and cleanse him of sin as a white garment is cleansed of grime.
Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ — the ḥadīth of ‘Awf ibn Mālik ـؓ. For a woman, change lahu to lahā throughout.
For a child
اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ فَرَطًا وَذُخْرًا لِوَالِدَيْهِ، وَشَفِيعًا مُجَابًا
Allāhumma-j‘alhu faraṭan wa dhukhran li-wālidayh, wa shafī‘an mujāban
O Allah, make him one who goes ahead, a treasure for his parents, and an intercessor whose plea is answered.
Reported of al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī and practised by the Companions · the wording of Bayhaqī.
07The burial
1 Walk with the bier, and do not sit until it is set down.
2 A lined niche (laḥd) in the qiblah wall is preferred to a trench.
3 Lower the body from the direction of the feet.
4 Lay it on the right side, facing the qiblah, and untie the shroud.
5 Close the niche with unbaked brick, then fill the grave.
6 Each present casts three handfuls of earth from the head end.
7 Raise the grave a hand’s span so it is known, and mark it with a plain stone.
Said while lowering
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَعَلَىٰ سُنَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ
Bismillāhi wa ‘alā sunnati Rasūlillāh
In the name of Allah, and upon the way of the Messenger of Allah.
Abū Dāwūd, Tirmidhī · ṣaḥīḥ
Once filled, stand a while at the grave and ask forgiveness and firmness for them — “for he is now being questioned.”
Abū Dāwūd · ṣaḥīḥ
08Mourning & the grave
Said upon affliction
إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، اللَّهُمَّ أْجُرْنِي فِي مُصِيبَتِي وَأَخْلِفْ لِي خَيْرًا مِنْهَا
Innā lillāhi wa innā ilayhi rāji‘ūn, Allāhumma’jurnī fī muṣībatī wa akhlif lī khayran minhā
To Allah we belong and to Him we return. O Allah, reward me in my affliction and replace it with better.
Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ
Mourning
Three days at most — except a widow, who observes four months and ten days.
Grief and tears are permitted; wailing, striking the face and tearing garments are not.
Neighbours should prepare food for the household.
Bukhārī, Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ; Q 2:234; Abū Dāwūd, Tirmidhī · ṣaḥīḥ
Visiting — said on arrival
السَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَهْلَ الدِّيَارِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ وَإِنَّا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَلَاحِقُونَ أَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ لَنَا وَلَكُمْ الْعَافِيَةَ
As-salāmu ‘alaykum ahlad-diyāri minal-mu’minīna wal-muslimīna wa innā in shā’allāhu lalāḥiqūna as’alullāha lanā wa lakum al-‘āfiyah
The whole narration
Sulaiman b. Buraida narrated on the authority of his father that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to teach them when they went out to the graveyard. One of the narrators used to say this in the narration transmitted on the authority of Abu Bakr:" Peace be upon the inhabitants of the city (i. e. graveyard)." In the hadith transmitted by Zuhair (the words are):" Peace be upon you, the inhabitants of the city, among the believers, and Muslims, and God willing we shall join you. I beg of Allah peace for us and for you
The translation is the open dataset’s own, shown as it stands: no translator is named, its rights are not verified, and nobody has checked it against the Arabic.
Shown whole, from Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim · No. 2257. In print this text is set shorter.
Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ
Not from the sunnah: building over or plastering graves, sitting or walking on them, praying toward them, and gathering for meals on an appointed third or fortieth day.
Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ; Ibn Mājah — the practice of Jarīr ibn ‘Abdillāh ـؓ
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