Al-Ghaafir

حمٓ 1

{ حم } الله أعلم بمراده به.

Hā mīm: God knows best what He means by these [letters].

تَنزِيلُ ٱلْكِتَـٰبِ مِنَ ٱللَّهِ ٱلْعَزِيزِ ٱلْعَلِيمِ 2

{ تنزيل الكتب } القرآن مبتدأ { من الله } خبره { العزيز } في ملكه { العليم } بخلقه.

The revelation of the Book, the Qur’ān (tanzīlu’l-kitābi is the subject), is from God (mina’Llāhi is its predicate), the Mighty, in His kingdom, the Knower, of His creatures.

غَافِرِ ٱلذَّنۢبِ وَقَابِلِ ٱلتَّوْبِ شَدِيدِ ٱلْعِقَابِ ذِى ٱلطَّوْلِ ۖ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۖ إِلَيْهِ ٱلْمَصِيرُ 3

{ غافر الذنب } للمؤمنين { وقابل التوب } لهم، مصدر { شديد العقاب } للكافرين: أي مشددة { ذى الطول } أي الإنعام الواسع، وهو موصوف على الدوام بكل من هذه الصفات فإضافة المشتق منها للتعريف كالأخيرة { لا إله إلا هو إليه المصير } المرجع.

Forgiver of sins, for believers, and Accepter of repentance, from them (al-tawb is the verbal noun), Severe in punishment, of disbelievers — in other words, One Who makes it severe for them — One of [abundant] bounty, bestower of abundant grace — God is eternally possessed of all of these attributes, and so the annexation construction using the derivatives [of these attributes] is for the purposes of characterisation, as in the case of the last. There is no god except Him; to Him is the journeying, the [ultimate] return.

مَا يُجَـٰدِلُ فِىٓ ءَايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ إِلَّا ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ فَلَا يَغْرُرْكَ تَقَلُّبُهُمْ فِى ٱلْبِلَـٰدِ 4

{ ما يجدل فى ءايت الله } القرآن { إلا الذين كفروا } من أهل مكة { فلا يغررك تقلبهم فى البلاد } للمعاش سالمين، فإن عاقبتهم النار.

None dispute the signs of God — the Qur’ān — except those who disbelieve, from among the people of Mecca, so do not be deceived by their bustle in the towns, [going about] seeking their livelihood in security, for the sequel for them will be the Fire.

كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ وَٱلْأَحْزَابُ مِنۢ بَعْدِهِمْ ۖ وَهَمَّتْ كُلُّ أُمَّةٍۭ بِرَسُولِهِمْ لِيَأْخُذُوهُ ۖ وَجَـٰدَلُوا۟ بِٱلْبَـٰطِلِ لِيُدْحِضُوا۟ بِهِ ٱلْحَقَّ فَأَخَذْتُهُمْ ۖ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عِقَابِ 5

{ كذبت قبلهم قوم نوح والأحزاب } كعاد وثمود وغيرهما { من بعدهم وهمت كل أمة برسولهم ليأخذوه } يقتلوه { وجدلوا بالبطل ليدحضوا } يزيلوا { به الحق فأخذتهم } بالعقاب { فكيف كان عقاب } لهم: أي هو واقع موقعه.

The people of Noah denied before them and [also] the factions, such as ‘Ād, Thamūd and others, [who came] after them. And every community sought to seize their messenger, to slay him, and they argued falsely [thinking] to rebut, to eliminate, thereby the truth. Then I seized them, with punishment; so how [fitting] was My punishment!, of them — in other words, it was appropriate.

وَكَذَٰلِكَ حَقَّتْ كَلِمَتُ رَبِّكَ عَلَى ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ أَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَـٰبُ ٱلنَّارِ 6

{ وكذلك حقت كلمت ربك } أي

لأملأن جهنم

[119:11] الآية { على الذين كفروا أنهم أصحب النار } بدل من كلمة.

And thus was the word of your Lord — namely, the verse: Assuredly I will fill Hell … [Q. 11:119] — fulfilled against those who disbelieve: that they shall be the inhabitants of the Fire (annahum ashābu’l-nāri substitutes for kalimatu, ‘the word’).

ٱلَّذِينَ يَحْمِلُونَ ٱلْعَرْشَ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُۥ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِۦ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ رَبَّنَا وَسِعْتَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ رَّحْمَةً وَعِلْمًا فَٱغْفِرْ لِلَّذِينَ تَابُوا۟ وَٱتَّبَعُوا۟ سَبِيلَكَ وَقِهِمْ عَذَابَ ٱلْجَحِيمِ 7

{ الذين يحملون العرش } مبتدأ { ومن حوله } عطف عليه { يسبحون } خبره { بحمد ربهم } ملابسين للحمد، أي يقولون: سبحان الله وبحمده { ويؤمنون به } تعالى ببصائرهم أي يصدقون بوحدانيته { ويستغفرون للذين ءامنوا } يقولون { ربنا وسعت كل شىء رحمة وعلما } أي وسعت رحمتك كل شيء وعلمك كل شيء { فاغفر للذين تابوا } من الشرك { واتبعوا سبيلك } دين الإسلام { وقهم عذاب الجحيم } النار.

Those who bear the Throne (alladhīna yahmilūna’l-‘arsha is the subject) and those around it (wa-man hawlahu is a supplement to that [subject]) glorify (yusabbihūna, is the predicate thereof) with praise of their Lord, continuously proclaiming praise, in other words, [continuously] saying: subhāna’Llāhi wa-bi-hamdihi, ‘Glory, and praise, be to God’; and they believe in Him, exalted be He, through their power of discernment, in other words, they affirm the truth of His Oneness, and they ask forgiveness for those who believe, saying: ‘Our Lord, You embrace all things in [Your] mercy and knowledge, that is to say, Your mercy embraces all things and Your knowledge [also embraces] all things. So forgive those who repent, of idolatry, and follow Your way — the religion of Islam — and shield them from the chastisement of Hell-fire, that is, the Fire.

رَبَّنَا وَأَدْخِلْهُمْ جَنَّـٰتِ عَدْنٍ ٱلَّتِى وَعَدتَّهُمْ وَمَن صَلَحَ مِنْ ءَابَآئِهِمْ وَأَزْوَٰجِهِمْ وَذُرِّيَّـٰتِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ 8

{ ربنا وأدخلهم جنت عدن } إقامة { التى وعدتهم ومن صلح } عطف على «هم» في وأدخلهم أو في وعدتهم { من ءابائهم وأزوجهم وذريتهم إنك أنت العزيز الحكيم } في صنعه.

Our Lord, and admit them into the Gardens of Eden, as [a place of] residence [for them], that which You have promised them, along with whoever were righteous (wa-man salaha is a supplement [either] to [the pronominal third person plural suffix] hum, ‘them’ in wa-adkhilhum, ‘and admit them’, or in wa‘adttahum, ‘You have promised them’) among their fathers and their wives and their descendants. Surely You are the One Who is the Mighty, the Wise, in what He does.

وَقِهِمُ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ ۚ وَمَن تَقِ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَقَدْ رَحِمْتَهُۥ ۚ وَذَٰلِكَ هُوَ ٱلْفَوْزُ ٱلْعَظِيمُ 9

{ وقهم السيئت } أي عذابها { ومن تق السيئت يومئذ } يوم القيامة { فقد رحمته وذلك هو الفوز العظيم }.

And shield them from evil deeds, that is, [from] the chastisement thereof; for whomever You shield from evil deeds that day, the Day of Resurrection, verily him You will have had been merciful to; and that is indeed the supreme triumph’.

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ يُنَادَوْنَ لَمَقْتُ ٱللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ مِن مَّقْتِكُمْ أَنفُسَكُمْ إِذْ تُدْعَوْنَ إِلَى ٱلْإِيمَـٰنِ فَتَكْفُرُونَ 10

{ إن الذين كفروا ينادون } من قبل الملائكة وهم يمقتون أنفسهم عند دخولهم النار { لمقت الله } إياكم { أكبر من مقتكم أنفسكم إذ تدعون } في الدنيا { إلى الإيمن فتكفرون }.

Indeed to those who disbelieve it will be proclaimed [to them], from the part of the angels, as they [disbelievers] enter the Fire in utter loathing of themselves: ‘Surely God’s loathing, of you, is greater than your loathing of yourselves, as you were called, [during life] in this world, to faith but you used to disbelieve’.

قَالُوا۟ رَبَّنَآ أَمَتَّنَا ٱثْنَتَيْنِ وَأَحْيَيْتَنَا ٱثْنَتَيْنِ فَٱعْتَرَفْنَا بِذُنُوبِنَا فَهَلْ إِلَىٰ خُرُوجٍ مِّن سَبِيلٍ 11

{ قالوا ربنا أمتنا اثنتين } إماتتين { وأحييتنا اثنتين } إحياءتين لأنهم نطف أموات فأحيوا ثم أميتوا ثم أحيوا للبعث { فاعترفنا بذنوبنا } بكفرنا بالبعث { فهل إلى خروج } من النار والرجوع إلى الدنيا لنطيع ربنا { من سبيل } طريق؟ وجوابهم: لا.

They will say, ‘Our Lord, You have caused us to die twice, two deaths, and You have given us life twice — for they were lifeless drops of semen, then they were given life, then made to die, then brought back to life for the Resurrection. We [now] confess our sins, in having disbelieved in the Resurrection. Is there then any way to go out?’, out of the Fire and return to the world to be obedient to our Lord? The answer given to them will be: No!

ذَٰلِكُم بِأَنَّهُۥٓ إِذَا دُعِىَ ٱللَّهُ وَحْدَهُۥ كَفَرْتُمْ ۖ وَإِن يُشْرَكْ بِهِۦ تُؤْمِنُوا۟ ۚ فَٱلْحُكْمُ لِلَّهِ ٱلْعَلِىِّ ٱلْكَبِيرِ 12

{ ذلكم } أي العذاب الذي أنتم فيه { بأنه } أي بسبب أنه في الدنيا { إذا دعى الله وحده كفرتم } بتوحيده { وإن يشرك به } يجعل له شريك { تؤمنوا } تصدقوا بالإشراك { فالحكم } في تعذيبكم { لله العلى } على خلقه { الكبير } العظيم.

That, namely, the chastisement which you find yourselves in, is because, during [the life of] this world, when God was invoked alone, you would disbelieve, in His Oneness; but if partners were ascribed to Him, you would believe, you would accept such idolatry. So the judgement, to chastise you, belongs to God, the Exalted, above His creation, the Great, the Tremendous.