عن أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أعتق صفية، وجعل عِتْقَهَا صَدَاقَهَا.
Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) emancipated Safiyyah and made her emancipation her dowry.
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
Safiyyah, the daughter of Huyai, one of the leaders of Banu An-Nadīr (a Jewish tribe of Hejaz) was the wife of Kinānah ibn Abu Al-Huqayq who was killed on the Day of khaybar. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) conquered Khaybar without hostilities and the women and children residents of that city became slaves to the Muslims once they were captivated. Safiyyah was initially part of the share allocated to Dihyah ibn Khalīfah al-Kalbi. However, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) compensated him with another female slave in exchange for Safiyyah, and took her for himself. He did this to appease her and soothe her grief for her lost status and glory (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). The Prophet's noble character is manifested through the fact that he did not settle for enjoying her while she was a humiliated as a slave but freed her from slavery, raised her status, and made her one of the most respected of women (on earth as a) Mother of the Believers. He freed her, then married her, and he made her emancipation her dowry.
Reference
- صحيح البخاري –الجامع الصحيح-؛ للإمام أبي عبد الله محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري، عناية محمد زهير الناصر، دار طوق النجاة، الطبعة الأولى، 1422هـ.
- صحيح مسلم؛ للإمام مسلم بن الحجاج، حققه ورقمه محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار عالم الكتب-الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، 1417هـ.
- الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام للشيخ إسماعيل الأنصاري-مطبعة السعادة-الطبعة الثانية 1392ه.
- تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام-عبد الله البسام-تحقيق محمد صبحي حسن حلاق- مكتبة الصحابة- الشارقة- الطبعة العاشرة- 1426ه.
عن أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم رأى عبد الرحمن بن عوف، وعليه ردَعْ ُزَعفَرَان. فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : «مَهْيَمْ؟ فقال: يا رسول الله تزوجت امرأة، فقال: ما أصدقتها؟ قال: وَزْنُ نواة من ذهب قال: بارك الله لك، أَوْلِمْ ولو بشاة».
Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) saw the trace of saffron on ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn ‘Awf so he said: "What is this?" He replied: "O Messenger of Allah, I married a woman." He asked: "How much did you give her as dowry?" He replied: "A date seed weight of gold." He then said: "May Allah grant you blessing. Hold a wedding feast, even if only with a sheep."
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) saw some traces of saffron on ‘Abdur-Rahmān ibn ‘Awf, and normally it is preferable for men to apply such types of perfume whose scent is evident, but their traces are unseen. So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked him about this disapprovingly. ‘Abdur-Rahmān told him that he was recently married and some of his wife's perfume left traces on him, so the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) excused him for that. Since the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was constantly gracious and kind with them and always used to ask about their affairs to approve their good deeds, and prohibit them from the bad ones, therefore he asked ‘Abdur-Rahmān about the dowry he paid and he replied that it was equal to a date seed's weight worth of gold. Then the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) supplicated for him and ordered him to hold a wedding feast because of his marriage, even if it was with one sheep only.
Reference
- صحيح البخاري –الجامع الصحيح-؛ للإمام أبي عبد الله محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري، عناية محمد زهير الناصر، دار طوق النجاة، الطبعة الأولى، 1422هـ.
- صحيح مسلم؛ للإمام مسلم بن الحجاج، حققه ورقمه محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار عالم الكتب-الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، 1417هـ.
- الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام للشيخ إسماعيل الأنصاري-مطبعة السعادة-الطبعة الثانية 1392ه.
- تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام-عبد الله البسام-تحقيق محمد صبحي حسن حلاق- مكتبة الصحابة- الشارقة- الطبعة العاشرة- 1426ه.
عن سهل بن سعد الساعدي رضي الله عنهما أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم جاءته امرأة فقالت: إني وَهَبْتُ نفسي لك: فقامت طويلا، فقال رجل: يا رسول الله، زَوِّجْنِيهَا، إن لم يكن لك بها حاجة. فقال: هل عندك من شيء تُصْدِقُهَا؟ فقال: ما عندي إلا إِزَارِي هذا. فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : إِزَارُكَ إن أَعْطَيْتَهَا جلست ولا إِزَارَ لك، فالْتَمِسْ شيئا قال: ما أجد. قال: الْتَمِسْ ولو خَاتَمًا من حَدِيدٍ. فالْتَمَسَ فلم يجد شيئا. فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم هل معك شيء من القرآن؟ قال: نعم. فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : زَوَّجْتُكَهَا بما معك من القرآن».
Sahl ibn Sa‘d As-Sā‘idi (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a woman came to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "I give myself in marriage to you." The woman stood for a long time. Then a man said: "O Messenger of Allah, marry her to me if you do not want her." He said: "Do you have anything to give her for dowry?" He said: "I have nothing but my lower garment." So the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If you gave her your lower garment, then you would have nothing to wear. Find something else to give her." He said: "I could not find anything." Then he said: "Find anything even if it is an iron ring." So he looked and did not find anything. The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) thus, said: "Do you memorize anything of the Qur'an?" He said: 'Yes.' So the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I give her to you in marriage for what you have (memorized) of the Qur'an."
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was addressed with certain rulings that are unique for him and do not apply to others. Examples of these rulings include marrying the woman who gives herself to him in marriage without a dowry. One day, a woman came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and give herself in marriage to him, hoping to be one of his wives. When he looked at the woman and did not feel any desire for her, he did not decline her request to avoid embarrassing her. He just turned away from her. When she sat down, a man said: "O Messenger of Allah, marry her to me if you do not want her." Since the dowry is obligatory in marriage, he said to the man: "Do you have anything to give her as a dowry?" He replied: "I have nothing but my lower garment/" If the man gave her his lower garment, he would have nothing to wear. For this reason, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to him: "Look for something else even if it is an iron ring." So when he could not find anything, the Prophet asked: "Do you memorize anything of the Qur'an?" The man replied in the affirmative. So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "I give her to you in marriage for what you have (memorized) of the Qur'an," i.e. teach her what you memorize and it will be her dowry.
Reference
تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام للبسام، حققه وعلق عليه وخرج أحاديثه وصنع فهارسه: محمد صبحي بن حسن حلاق، ط10، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات - مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، 1426هـ.
خلاصة الكلام شرح عمدة الأحكام لفيصل بن عبد العزيز آل المبارك ، ط2، 1412هـ.
الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام لإسماعيل الأنصاري، ط1، دار الفكر، دمشق، 1381ه
الإفهام في شرح عمدة الأحكام لابن باز، تحقيق: سعيد القحطاني، ط1، مؤسسة عبد العزيز بن باز الخيرية، 1434هـ.
صحيح البخاري، ط1، تحقيق: محمد زهير بن ناصر الناصر دار طوق النجاة (مصورة عن السلطانية بإضافة ترقيم: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي)، 1422هـ.
صحيح مسلم، تحقيق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت.
عن أبي سلمة بن عبد الرحمن، أنه قال: سألت عائشة زوج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : كم كان صَداقُ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ؟ قالت: «كان صَدَاقُهُ لأزواجه ثِنْتَيْ عشرة أُوقِيَّةً ونَشَّاً»، قالت: «أتدري ما النَّشُّ؟» قال: قلت: لا، قالت: «نصف أُوقِيَّةٍ، فتلك خمسمائة درهم، فهذا صَدَاقُ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم لأزواجه».
Abu Salamah ibn ‘Abdur-Rahmān reported: I asked ‘Ā'ishah: "How much was the dowry paid by the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him)?" She said: "His dowry for his wives was twelve Uqiyyahs and one Nashsh. Do you know what is the Nashsh?" I said: 'No.' She said: "It is a half Uqiyyah, so this equals five hundred dirhams, and it was the dowry that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) paid to his wives."
Narrated by MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
The main point of this Hadīth is that it is recommended to pay a simple dowry, for the best dowry is the least in amount, and the best women are those who cost less charges. This Hadīth also indicates that the Prophet's dowry to his wives was twelve Uqiyyahs and a half. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was the perfect example in terms of traditions and acts of worship. One Uqiyyah comprises forty dirhams. So the whole amount that he paid to his wives were 500 dirhams. This is contrary to what people do today, exaggerating about dowries. They also boast about what they pay to the woman and her guardians, whether or not the husband is rich, the thing that has lead to delaying marriages.
Reference
- صحيح الإمام مسلم, تحقيق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي, دار إحياء التراث العربي – بيروت.
- توضِيحُ الأحكَامِ مِن بُلوُغ المَرَام، للبسام، مكتَبة الأسدي، مكّة المكرّمة، الطبعة: الخامِسَة، 1423 هـ - 2003 م.
- بلوغ المرام من أدلة الأحكام، لابن حجر، دار القبس للنشر والتوزيع، الرياض - المملكة العربية السعودية، الطبعة: الأولى، 1435 هـ - 2014 م.
- فتح ذي الجلال والإكرام شرح بلوغ المرام، لمحمد بن صالح بن محمد العثيمين، تحقيق: صبحي بن محمد رمضان، وأُم إسراء بنت عرفة، ط1، المكتبة الإسلامية، مصر، 1427هـ.
عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما أن عليًّا قال: تزوجتُ فاطمةَ رضي الله عنها ، فقلتُ: يا رسول الله، ابْنِ بِي، قال: «أَعْطِها شيئًا» قلت: ما عندي مِن شيء، قال: «فأينَ دِرْعُكَ الحُطَمِيَّة؟» قلت: هي عندي، قال: «فأعطها إياه».
Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "I married Fātimah (may Allah be pleased with her) so I said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, let me consummate the marriage.’ He said: ‘Give her something.’ I said: ‘I have nothing.’ He said: ‘So where is your Hutami armor?’ I said: 'I have it.' He said: 'So give it to her.’"
An-Nasaa’i - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by AhmadGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
This Hadīth shows that ‘Ali ibn Abi Tālib (may Allah be pleased with him) the Prophet's cousin, got married to the Prophet's daughter Fātimah (may Allah be pleased with her). The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) commanded him to give his wife a dowry so as to gladden her, and show his appreciation and desire for her. But ‘Ali could not find anything. So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked him to give her his armor as dowry, despite its being insufficient.
Reference
- سنن أبي داود , ت: محمد محي الدين, المكتبة العصرية.
- سنن للنسائي, تحقيق: عبد الفتاح أبو غدة, مكتب المطبوعات الإسلامية الطبعة: الثانية، 1406.
- مسند أحمد، تحقيق شعيب الأرنؤوط، الناشر: مؤسسة الرسالة الطبعة : الأولى ، 1421 هـ - 2001 م.
- صحيح أبي داود - الأم للألباني , مؤسسة غراس للنشر والتوزيع، الطبعة: الأولى، 1423 هـ.
- توضِيحُ الأحكَامِ مِن بُلوُغ المَرَام، للبسام، مكتَبة الأسدي، مكّة المكرّمة.الطبعة: الخامِسَة، 1423هـ - 2003م.
- بلوغ المرام من أدلة الأحكام، لابن حجر، دار القبس للنشر والتوزيع، الرياض - المملكة العربية السعودية الطبعة: الأولى، 1435 هـ - 2014 م.
- شرح سنن النسائي المسمى «ذخيرة العقبى في شرح المجتبى» للإثيوبي, دار آل بروم، الطبعة: الأولى.
- نيل الأوطار للشوكاني , ت: عصام الدين الصبابطي, دار الحديث، الطبعة: الأولى، 1413هـ.
- فتح ذي الجلال والإكرام بشرح بلوغ المرام للشيخ ابن عثيمين- المكتبة الإسلامية القاهرة - تحقيق صبحي رمضان وأم إسراء بيومي- الطبعة الأولى 1427.
عن علقمة، والأسود، قالا: أُتِيَ عبد الله في رجل تَزوجَ امرأة ولم يَفرض لها، فتُوفي قبل أن يَدخل بها، فقال عبد الله: سَلُوا هل تجدون فيها أثرا؟ قالوا: يا أبا عبد الرحمن، ما نجد فيها - يعني أثرا - قال: أقول برأيي فإن كان صوابا فمن الله، «لها كمَهْرِ نسائها، لا وَكْسَ ولا شَطَطَ، ولها الميراث، وعليها العِدَّة»، فقام رجل، من أشجع، فقال: في مثل هذا قضى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فينا، في امرأة يقال لها بِرْوَع بنت وَاشِقٍ تزوجت رجلا، فمات قبل أن يَدخل بها، «فقضى لها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بمِثل صَداق نسائها، ولها الميراث، وعليها العِدَّة» فرفع عبد الله يَديْهِ وكبَّر.
‘Alqamah and Al-Aswad reported: ‘Abdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd was asked about a man who had married a woman without specifying a dowry for her and then died before consummating the marriage with her. ‘Abdullāh said: "Ask if they can find any report (from the Prophet) regarding that." They said: "O Abu ‘Abdur-Rahmān, we cannot find (any report about that)." He said: "Then I will state my personal opinion, and if it is correct then that is from Allah. She should have a dowry similar to that of her peers, neither less nor more; she is entitled to inheritance (from the deceased husband); and she has to observe the ‘Iddah." A man from Ashja‘ stood up and said: "The Messenger of Allah passed a similar judgment among us concerning a woman called Birwa‘ bint Wāshiq. She married a man who died before consummating the marriage with her, and the Messenger of Allah ruled that she should be given a dowry similar to that of her peers, that she should inherit, and that she had to observe the ‘Iddah." ‘Abdullāh raised his hands and said: "Allah is the Greatest!"
Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by At-Termedhy - An-Nasaa’i - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by AhmadGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
This Hadīth indicates that if a woman’s husband dies after marriage has been contracted but before the dowry has been received, then she deserves her dowry in full, even if marriage has not been consummated, and even if they had not been in seclusion with each other. If the husband had not specified a dowry, the woman's due dowry should be estimated at a value similar to that which is given to her peers from her relatives. The Hadīth also indicates that the woman has to observe the waiting period because the marriage had already been contracted. Therefore, if a woman’s husband dies, she must observe the waiting and mourning period even if seclusion or consummation has not occurred. Moreover, she has the right to inherit from her deceased husband because she is a wife who is legally tied to her husband.
Reference
- سنن أبي داود , ت: محمد محي الدين, المكتبة العصرية
- سنن الترمذي, ت:محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي , مكتبة ومطبعة مصطفى البابي الطبعة: الثانية، 1395 هـ
- سنن ابن ماجه، ت: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي, دار إحياء الكتب العربية
- سنن للنسائي, تحقيق: عبد الفتاح أبو غدة, مكتب المطبوعات الإسلامية الطبعة: الثانية، 1406
- مسند أحمد، تحقيق شعيب الأرنؤوط. الناشر : مؤسسة الرسالة الطبعة : الأولى ، 1421 هـ - 2001 م
- صحيح أبي داود - الأم للألباني , مؤسسة غراس للنشر والتوزيع، الطبعة: الأولى، 1423 هـ
- توضِيحُ الأحكَامِ مِن بُلوُغ المَرَام، للبسام. مكتَبة الأسدي، مكّة المكرّمة.الطبعة: الخامِسَة، 1423 هـ - 2003 م
- بلوغ المرام من أدلة الأحكام، لابن حجر. دار القبس للنشر والتوزيع، الرياض - المملكة العربية السعودية الطبعة: الأولى، 1435 هـ - 2014 م
- شرح سنن النسائي المسمى «ذخيرة العقبى في شرح المجتبى» للإثيوبي, دار آل بروم , الطبعة: الأولى
- نيل الأوطار للشوكاني , ت: عصام الدين الصبابطي, دار الحديث، الطبعة: الأولى، 1413هـ
- البدرُ التمام شرح بلوغ المرام للمَغرِبي, ت: علي بن عبد الله الزبن, دار هجر, الطبعة: الأولى 1428 هـ
فتاوى اللجنة الدائمة - المجموعة الأولى- : اللجنة الدائمة للبحوث العلمية والإفتاء- جمع وترتيب: أحمد بن عبد الرزاق الدويش.
عن عقبة بن عامر قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «خير النكاح أيْسَرُه»، وقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لرجل: أتَرضى أن أُزَوِّجَكَ فُلانة «قال: نعم، قال لها: أترْضَين أن أُزوِّجَكِ فلانا» قالت: نعم، فزوجها رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، ولم يَفرض صداقًا، فدخل بها، فلم يُعطها شيئًا، فلما حضرتْهُ الوفاة قال: إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم زوجني فلانة، ولم أُعطها شيئًا، وقد أعطيتها سَهمي من خَيبر، فكان له سهم بخيبر فأخذتْهُ فباعتْهُ فبلغ مائة ألف.
‘Uqbah ibn ‘Āmir reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The easiest marriage is the best marriage." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to a man: "Would you like me to marry you off to so-and-so?" He said: 'Yes.' He also asked the woman: "Would you like me to marry you off to so-and-so?" She said: 'Yes.' He then married them off without prescribing a dowry. The man consummated marriage with the wife without giving her anything. When he was about to die, he said: "The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) married me off to so-and-so, and I did not give her anything; and (now) I grant her my share from (the booties of the battle of) Khaybar." So she took his share and sold it for one hundred thousand (dirhams).
Narrated by Abu DaoudGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
‘Uqbah ibn ‘Āmir (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) urged people to make marriage easy and affordable. The Prophet explained that marriage would be better with a low dowry. Hence, a low dowry is recommended, while an expensive dowry is inadvisable, despite being permissible. When the dowry is low and affordable, marriage will be easier and the marriage rates will increase, as the poor will be able to afford it. This will lead to having offspring, which is one of the most important objectives of marriage. ‘Uqbah (may Allah be pleased with him) mentioned that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) offered a man to marry him off to a specific woman, and he offered the same to the woman. After both parties consented, he married them off. However, the husband had not specified any dowry to the wife and consummated the marriage without giving her anything. When his death became imminent, he granted her a piece of land that he was given from the booties of Khaybar. His wife took it and sold it for hundred thousand dirhams.
Reference
- سنن أبي داود , ت: محمد محي الدين, المكتبة العصرية.
- ضعيف أبي داود - الأم للألباني , مؤسسة غراس للنشر والتوزيع، الطبعة: الأولى، 1423 هـ.
- توضِيحُ الأحكَامِ مِن بُلوُغ المَرَام، للبسام. مكتَبة الأسدي، مكّة المكرّمة.الطبعة: الخامِسَة، 1423 هـ.
- سبل السلام للصنعاني، نشر: دار الحديث.
- شرح سنن النسائي المسمى «ذخيرة العقبى في شرح المجتبى» للإثيوبي, دار آل بروم , الطبعة: الأولى.
- نيل الأوطار للشوكاني , تحقيق: عصام الدين الصبابطي , دار الحديث، مصر الطبعة: الأولى، 1413هـ.
- التَّحبير لإيضَاح مَعَاني التَّيسير للصنعاني، ت: محَمَّد صُبْحي حَلّاق, مَكتَبَةُ الرُّشد، الطبعة: الأولى، 1433 هـ.
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