Washing the Dead

Zaynab, the daughter of the Prophet (ﷺ), passed away. The Prophet (ﷺ) entered upon the women who were to wash her and said to them: Wash her with water and lote leaves an odd number of times—three, or five, or more if needed—and in the final wash, add some camphor. When you finish, inform me. When they finished washing her, they informed him. He then gave his lower garment to the women who washed her and said: Wrap her in it, and make it the garment closest to her body. Then her hair was braided into three plaits.

1. The washing of a deceased Muslim is obligatory, and it is a communal duty.
2. A woman is only to be washed by women, and a man only by men—except in the cases of a wife with her husband and a female slave with her master, for each of them may wash the other.
3. The washing should be done three times; if that is not sufficient, then five times; and if still not sufficient, more may be added as needed, according to what is beneficial and necessary. Afterward, if any impurities come out of the body, the place from which the filth exits should be sealed.
4. The one performing the washing should make the number of washings odd—three, five, or seven.
5. As-Sindi said: This Hadīth indicates that there is no fixed number of washings for the deceased; rather, what is required is cleanliness, but the odd number should be observed.
6. Lote leaves should be used with the water, because they cleanse and firm up the body of the deceased.
7. The deceased should be perfumed during the final washing, so that the scent is not washed away by water. The perfume should be camphor, because—in addition to its pleasant fragrance—it firms up the body and helps prevent it from decaying quickly.
8. The washing should begin with the honored parts of the body, namely, the right sides and the body parts required in ablution.
9. It is recommended to comb the hair of a deceased woman, braid it into three plaits, and place them behind her.
10. It is permissible to cooperate in washing the deceased, but none should be present except those who are needed.
11. Seeking blessings through the belongings of the Prophet (ﷺ), such as his clothing, is permissible—but this is something unique to him and does not extend to other scholars or righteous people, because such matters are based on religious texts. The Companions never practiced this with anyone other than him, for doing so with others would lead to Shirk (polytheism) and be a source of trial for the one whom people seek blessing through.
12. It is permissible to delegate a trustworthy person to carry out a task he has been entrusted with, provided he is qualified for such delegation.

صحيح البخاري (2/ 74) (1258 - 1259). صحيح مسلم (2/ 646) (939). تيسير العلام، للبسام (ص281). تنبيه الأفهام، لابن عثيمين (2/ 360). الإفهام في شرح عمدة الأحكام، لعبد العزيز بن باز (ص344). الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام، لإسماعيل الأنصاري (1/ 227).

This Hadīth clarifies the virtue of the one who washes a deceased person and conceals what he sees of defects. Such defects are of two types: the first are related to the deceased's state, and the second to his body. The first type, for example, is if he sees that the face of the deceased has turned dark and ugly, which might be a sign of a bad ending for that person, we ask Allah safety from this situation. In this case, it is not permissible for him to mention this to others because this is considered revealing the defects of the deceased who has already gone to meet his Lord, and Allah will give him what he deserves of justice or grace. The second type is, for example, seeing a physical defect in the deceased's back or other parts of his body that he used to hide from people in his life. So, the one who conceals such defects is granted the enormous reward of forty counts of forgiveness.

سنن البيهقي الكبرى، للبيهقي، مكتبة دار الباز - مكة المكرمة ، 1414 - 1994 المعجم الكبير-أبو القاسم الطبراني -المحقق: حمدي بن عبد المجيد السلفي-دار النشر: مكتبة ابن تيمية - القاهرة-الطبعة: الثانية المستدرك على الصحيحين-الحاكم-تحقيق: مصطفى عبد القادر عطا-الناشر: دار الكتب العلمية - بيروت - الطبعة: الأولى، 1411 - 1990 صحيح الترغيب والترهيب – الألباني، مكتبة المعارف - الرياض نزهة المتقين شرح رياض الصالحين لمجموعة من الباحثين, مؤسسة الرسالة, الطبعة الرابعة عشر, 1407ه . دليل الفالحين لطرق رياض الصالحين لمحمد بن علان الصديقي, دار الكتاب العربي. كنوز رياض الصالحين بإشراف حمد العمار, دار كنوز إشبيليا, الطبعة الأولى, 1430ه . بهجة الناظرين شرح رياض الصالحين، لسليم الهلالي, دار ابن الجوزي. شرح رياض الصالحين لابن عثيمين , دار مدار الوطن للنشر، الرياض, الطبعة : 1426 هـ.