عَنْ حُمْرَانَ مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ رضي الله عنه: أَنَّهُ رَأَى عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ دَعَا بِوَضُوءٍ، فَأَفْرَغَ عَلَى يَدَيْهِ مِنْ إِنَائِهِ، فَغَسَلَهُمَا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثُمَّ أَدْخَلَ يَمِينَهُ فِي الْوَضُوءِ، ثُمَّ تَمَضْمَضَ وَاسْتَنْشَقَ وَاسْتَنْثَرَ، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ ثَلَاثًا، وَيَدَيْهِ إِلَى الْمِرْفَقَيْنِ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ كُلَّ رِجْلٍ ثَلَاثًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَتَوَضَّأُ نَحْوَ وُضُوئِي هَذَا، وَقَالَ: «مَنْ تَوَضَّأَ نَحْوَ وُضُوئِي هَذَا ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ لَا يُحَدِّثُ فِيهِمَا نَفْسَهُ غَفَرَ اللهُ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ».
Humrān, the freed slave of 'Uthmān ibn' Affān, reported that he saw 'Uthmān ibn' Affān asking (for water) to perform ablution, and he poured water from his vessel over his hands and washed them thrice and then put his right hand in the water and rinsed his mouth and washed his nose by putting water in it and then blowing it out. Then, he washed his face thrice and his forearms up to the elbows thrice. Then, he passed his wet hands over his head and washed each foot thrice. After that, he said: "I saw the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) perform ablution like this ablution of mine, and he said: 'If anyone performs ablution like this ablution of mine and offers two Rak'ahs during which he does not think of anything else, Allah will forgive his past sins.'"
Agreed uponGradeAuthentic
Explanation
'Uthmān ibn' Affān (may Allah be pleased with him) practically taught the Prophet's manner of ablution to make it clearer. He asked for water in a vessel and poured water on his hands three times. After that, he entered his right hand into the vessel, took water with it, put it in his mouth and let it out. Then, he sniffed water into his nose and then blew it out. Then, he washed his face three times and then washed his forearms up to the elbows three times. Then, he passed his wet hand over his head once. Then, he washed his feet along with the ankles three times.
When he (may Allah be pleased with him) finished, he informed them that he saw the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) perform ablution like that ablution and that he (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gave them glad tidings that whoever performs ablution like his ablution and offers two Rak'ahs, with presence of mind and humility before his Almighty Lord, Allah will recompense him for this complete ablution and this sincere prayer by forgiving his past sins.
Benefits
- It is recommended to wash the hands before inserting them into the vessel at the beginning of ablution, even if one is not awake from sleep. If one is awake from a night's sleep, washing his hands is obligatory.
- A mentor should adopt the best approach whereby the learner can understand knowledge and absorb it in a better way. An example is to teach others by action.
- A praying person should repel the thoughts related to worldly preoccupations, for the perfection and completion of prayer lies in the presence of the mind. Indeed, thoughts cannot be avoided altogether, but he should make an effort against them and not follow them.
- It is recommended to begin with the right side in ablution.
- It is prescribed to follow the order between rinsing the mouth, sniffing water into the nostrils and blowing it out.
- It is recommended to wash the face, hands, and feet three times. It is obligatory to wash them at least once.
- Forgiving the past sins results from two things together: performing ablution and offering two Rak‘ahs, in the manner demonstrated in the Hadīth.
- Each organ of the organs of ablution has a boundary: The boundary of the face extends from the hairline to the lower end of the beard and chin, lengthwise, and from ear to ear, breadthwise. The boundary of the hand extends from the fingertips to the elbow, i.e. the joint between the forearm and the upper arm. The boundary of the head extends from the hairline on the face's sides to the upper neck. Wiping the ears is part of the head. The boundary of the foot includes the whole foot along the joint between it and the leg.
Reference
صحيح البخاري (1/ 44) (164).
صحيح مسلم (1/ 204) (226).
الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام، لإسماعيل الأنصاري (1/ 16).
تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام، للبسام (ص26).
تنبيه الأفهام شرح عمدة الأحكام، لابن عثيمين (1/ 24).
عَنْ يحيى بنِ عُمَارةَ المَازِنِيِّ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ عَمْرَو بْنَ أَبِي حَسَنٍ سَأَلَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ وُضُوءِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَدَعَا بِتَوْرٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ، فَتَوَضَّأَ لَهُمْ وُضُوءَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَكْفَأَ عَلَى يَدِهِ مِنَ التَّوْرِ، فَغَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ ثَلاَثًا، ثُمَّ أَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِي التَّوْرِ، فَمَضْمَضَ وَاسْتَنْشَقَ وَاسْتَنْثَرَ، ثَلاَثَ غَرَفَاتٍ، ثُمَّ أَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ ثَلاَثًا، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ يَدَيْهِ مَرَّتَيْنِ إِلَى المِرْفَقَيْنِ، ثُمَّ أَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فَمَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ، فَأَقْبَلَ بِهِمَا وَأَدْبَرَ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً، ثُمَّ غَسَلَ رِجْلَيْهِ إِلَى الكَعْبَيْنِ.
Yahya ibn ‘Umārah al-Māzini reported: I witnessed 'Amr ibn Abi Hasan asking 'Abdullah ibn Zayd about the ablution of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), so he asked for a vessel of water and performed ablution like that of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in front of them. He poured water from the vessel on his hand, washing his hands thrice. Then, he put his hand inside the vessel, rinsed his mouth, sniffed water, and blew it out with three handfuls. He put his hand in the water again and washed his face thrice. Then, he washed his hands twice up to the elbows, after which he put his hand in the water and wiped over his head, bringing them to the front and the back of his head once. Then, he washed his feet up to the ankles.
Agreed uponGradeAuthentic
Explanation
‘Abdullah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) clarified how the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to perform ablution practically. He asked for a small water container. First, he started by washing his hands; he tilted the container, poured water, and washed them thrice outside the container. Then, he put his hand inside the container and took three handfuls of water, and with each handful of water, he rinsed his mouth, sniffed water into his nostrils, and blew it out. After that, he took water from the container and washed his face thrice. Then, he took water therefrom and washed his hands up to the elbows twice each. He again put his hand in the container and wiped over his head with both hands, starting from the hairline and back to the nape, the upper part of the neck, and then returned them to the place where he started from. After that, he washed his feet along with the ankles.
Benefits
- The teacher's conduct is the closest way to understanding and establishing knowledge and this includes teaching by actions.
- It is permissible to repeat washing some of the body parts of ablution three times and some two times; however, once is obligatory.
- It is obligatory to observe the prescribed order of the body parts of ablution as mentioned in the Hadīth.
- The facial limits extend from the natural hairline to the bottom of the beard and chin lengthwise and between the ears crosswise.
Reference
صحيح البخاري (1/ 48) (186).
صحيح مسلم (1/ 210) (235).
الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام، لإسماعيل الأنصاري (1/ 18).
الإفهام في شرح عمدة الأحكام، لابن باز (ص72).
تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام، لعبد الله البسام (ص29).
تنبيه الأفهام شرح عمدة الأحكام، لابن عثيمين (1/ 27).
شرح العمدة للسعدي (ص 50).
عن عبْدِ خيْرٍقال: أتانا علي رضي الله عنه وقد صلَّى فدعا بطَهور، فقلنا ما يصنع بالطَّهور وقد صلَّى ما يُريد، إلا ليعلِّمَنا، فأُتِي بإناء فيه ماء وطَسْت، فأفْرَغَ من الإناء على يمينه، فغسل يديه ثلاثا، ثم تَمَضْمَضَ واسْتَنْثَر ثلاثا، فمَضْمَض ونَثَرَ من الكفِّ الذي يأخُذ فِيه، ثم غسل وجهه ثلاثا، ثم غسل يده اليمنى ثلاثا، وغسل يده الشِّمال ثلاثا، ثم جعل يده في الإناء فمسَحَ بِرأسه مرَّة واحدة، ثم غسل رجله اليمنى ثلاثا، ورِجْلَه الشمال ثلاثا. ثم قال: «مَنْ سرَّه أن يعْلَم وُضُوء رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فهو هذا».
‘Abd Khayr reported: ‘Ali ibn Abi Tālib (may Allah be pleased with him) came to us after he had prayed. He asked for water and we said: "What is he going to do with the water as he has (already) prayed? He only wants to teach us." A container of water and a basin were brought to him. He poured some water onto his right hand and washed his hands three times. Then he rinsed his mouth and nose three times, using the hand with which he took the water. Then he washed his face three times and he washed his right arm three times and his left arm three times. Then he put his hand in the container and wiped his head once. Then he washed his right foot three times and his left foot three times. Then he said: 'Whoever wanted to learn how the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution, this is it.
Narrated by Ibn Majah - An-Nasaa’i - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by AhmadGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
This Hadīth describes the ablution of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). ‘Abd Khayr related that ‘Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) went to them after he had prayed. He asked them for water to perform ablution. At first they were surprised by this, as he had already prayed, but then realized that he wanted to teach them how the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to perform ablution. They brought the water and he poured some of the water onto his right hand and washed both of his hands three times. He then he rinsed his mouth and washed his nose three times using the same hand that he had taken the water with. He then washed his face three times. The limits of the face are from the normal hair line at the top of the forehead to the end of the chin, including the upper part of the beard, and from one ear to the other. He then washed his right then left arm three times, including the elbows. He wiped over his head only once. Lastly, he washed his right and then left foot three times. He said that this was the way the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution.
Reference
سنن أبي داود, المحقق: محمد محيي الدين عبد الحميد, المكتبة العصرية، صيدا – بيروت.
السنن الصغرى للنسائي "المجتبى"، تحقيق: عبد الفتاح أبو غدة، نشر: مكتب المطبوعات الإسلامية – حلب، الطبعة: الثانية، 1406ه – 1986م.
مسند الإمام أحمد بن حنبل، تحقيق: شعيب الأرنؤوط - عادل مرشد، وآخرون، نشر: مؤسسة الرسالة، الطبعة: الأولى، 1421هـ - 2001م.
سنن ابن ماجه, تحقيق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي, الناشر: دار إحياء الكتب العربية - فيصل عيسى البابي الحلبي.
معجم اللغة العربية المعاصرة، للدكتور أحمد مختار عبد الحميد عمر بمساعدة فريق عمل، الناشر: عالم الكتب، الطبعة: الأولى، 1429 هـ - 2008 م.
تاج العروس من جواهر القاموس, محمّد بن محمّد الحسيني، الملقّب بمرتضى الزَّبيدي, مجموعة من المحققين, الناشر: دار الهداية.
توضيح الأحكام مِن بلوغ المرام، تأليف: عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن صالح البسام، الناشر: مكتبة الأسدي، مكة المكرّمة الطبعة: الخامِسَة، 1423 هـ - 2003 م
فتح ذي الجلال والإكرام شرح بلوغ المرام لمحمد بن صالح بن محمد العثيمين، تحقيق: صبحي بن محمد رمضان، وأُم إسراء بنت عرفة، ط1، المكتبة الإسلامية، مصر، 1427ه.
منحة العلام في شرح بلوغ المرام، تأليف : عبد الله بن صالح الفوزان، الناشر : دار ابن الجوزي الطبعة : الأولى ، 1427 هـ، 1431 هـ.
تسهيل الإلمام بفقه الأحاديث من بلوغ المرام، تأليف: صالح بن فوزان بن عبد الله الفوزان، الطبعة: الأولى، 1427، 2006 م.
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رضي الله عنه أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «إِذَا اسْتَيْقَظَ أَحَدُكُمْ مِنْ مَنَامِهِ فَلْيَسْتَنْثِرْ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَبِيتُ عَلَى خَيَاشِيمِهِ».
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If any of you wakes up from his sleep, let him blow water out of his nose three times, as the devil spends the night on his nostrils."
Agreed uponGradeAuthentic
Explanation
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) urges anyone who wakes up from his sleep to make Istinthar, i.e., blowing water out of the nose after sniffing it, three times because the devil spends the night on the nostril, which is the whole nose.
Benefits
- It is prescribed for anyone who wakes up from sleep to make Istinthār to remove the devil's traces from his nose, and if he wants to make ablution, then the command to make Istinthār is more confirmed in this case.
- Istinthār completes the benefit of Istinshāq (sniffing water), because the latter cleans the nose from the inside, whereas the former brings such filth out with the water.
- This is restricted to night sleep, as indicated by the words "spends the night," which only occurs during the night sleep and because one is more likely to sleep deeply and for a long period at night.
- The Hadīth bears evidence that the devil accompanies man but man does not feel it.
Reference
صحيح البخاري (4/ 126) (3295).
صحيح مسلم (1/ 212) (238).
توضيح الأحكام، للشيخ للبسام (1/ 211).
سُبل السلام، للصنعاني (1/ 64).
فتح ذي الجلال والإكرام بشرح بلوغ المرام، لابن عثيمين (1/ 179).
منحة العلَّام، لعبد الله الفوزان (1/ 166).
عن عبد الله بن زيد رضي الله عنه مرفوعاً: «أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أُتِيَ بِثُلُثَيْ مُدٍّ فجعل يَدْلُكُ ذِرَاعَه».
‘Abdullāh ibn Zayd reported that two-thirds of a Mudd were brought to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and he began rubbing his arm.
Ibn Khuzaymah - Narrated by AhmadGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
In this Hadīth ‘Abdullāh ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) informs us about the amount of water used by the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) for ablution, which is two-thirds of a Mudd. This quantity of water is enough for ablution without wasting. The Hadīth also tells us that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) began to rub his arm, so as to let water reach the washed limb completely.
Reference
مسند الإمام أحمد، تأليف: أحمد بن محمد بن حنبل، تحقيق: شعيب الأرناؤوط وغيره، الناشر: الناشر: مؤسسة الرسالة ، الطبعة: الأولى، 1421 هـ.
صحيح ابن خزيمة، تأليف: أبو بكر محمد بن إسحاق بن خزيمة ، المحقق: د. محمد مصطفى الأعظمي، الناشر: المكتب الإسلامي، بيروت.
توضيح الأحكام مِن بلوغ المرام، تأليف: عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن صالح البسام، الناشر: مكتبة الأسدي، مكة المكرّمة الطبعة: الخامِسَة، 1423 هـ - 2003 م.
التعليقات الحسان على صحيح ابن حبان وتمييز سقيمه من صحيحه، وشاذه من محفوظه، محمد ناصر الدين الألباني، الناشر: دار باوزير للنشر والتوزيع، الطبعة: الأولى، 1424 هـ - 2003 م.
عن عبد الله بن زيد رضي الله عنه يَذْكُر أنه: «رأى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم توضأ فَمَضْمَض، ثم اسْتَنْثَرَ، ثم غسل وجهه ثلاثا، ويَدَه اليُمنى ثلاثا والأخرى ثلاثا، ومسح برأسه بماء غير فَضْلِ يَدِهِ، وغسل رجْلَيْه حتى أنْقَاهُما».
‘Abdullāh ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he saw the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) perform ablution; he rinsed his mouth thrice and blew water out of his nose thrice. He then washed his face thrice and his right and left forearms thrice, then he took more water and wiped over his head, and then he washed his feet until he cleaned them.
Narrated by MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
‘Abdullāh ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him) informs us of the manner in which the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution. He tells us that when he performed ablution, he took water into his mouth, swirled it around, and spat it out; that he then took water into his nose and blew out the mucus and whatever else; and that he then washed his face thrice, then his right forearm up to the elbow thrice, and then the left forearm up to the elbow thrice. Then he wiped his head with new water and then washed his feet up to the ankles until all the dirt was removed from them.
Reference
المنهاج شرح صحيح مسلم، تأليف: محيي الدين يحيى بن شرف النووي، الناشر: دار إحياء التراث العربي، الطبعة: الثانية 1392هـ.
مرعاة المفاتيح شرح مشكاة المصابيح، تأليف: عبيد الله بن محمد المباركفوري، الناشر: إدارة البحوث العلمية والدعوة والإفتاء، الطبعة: الثالثة - 1404هـ.
فتح ذي الجلال والإكرام، شرح بلوغ المرام، تأليف: محمد بن صالح بن محمد العثيمين، الناشر: المكتبة الإسلامية، تحقيق: صبحي بن محمد رمضان، وأُم إسراء بنت عرفة.
توضِيحُ الأحكَامِ مِن بُلوُغ المَرَام، للبسام، نشر: مكتَبة الأسدي، مكّة المكرّمة، الطبعة: الخامِسَة، 1423هـ - 2003 م.
عن المغيرة بن شعبة رضي الله عنه : أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم توضأ، فمسح بِنَاصِيَتِهِ، وعلى العِمَامة والخُفَّين.
Al-Mughīrah ibn Shu‘bah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) performed ablution and passed a wet hand on his forelock, over the turban, and over the two leather socks.
Narrated by MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
Al-Mughīrah ibn Shu‘bah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) wiped over his forelock, which is the front of his head at the hairline, then he completed the wiping over his turban. He did not suffice with wiping part of his head; rather, he completed wiping his head by wiping over the turban. From the Prophet's guidance as well is wiping over the leather socks, as mentioned in this Hadīth and others.
Reference
صحيح مسلم، تأليف: مسلم بن الحجاج النيسابوري، تحقيق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي الناشر: دار إحياء التراث العربي – بيروت.
سبل السلام شرح بلوغ المرام، تأليف: محمد بن إسماعيل بن صلاح الصنعاني، الناشر: دار الحديث الطبعة: بدون طبعة وبدون تاريخ.
توضيح الأحكام مِن بلوغ المرام، تأليف: عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن صالح البسام، الناشر: مكتبة الأسدي، مكة المكرّمة الطبعة: الخامِسَة، 1423 هـ - 2003 م.
منحة العلام في شرح بلوغ المرام، تأليف: عبد الله بن صالح الفوزان، الناشر: دار ابن الجوزي الطبعة: الأولى، 1427 هـ - 1431 هـ.
تسهيل الإلمام بفقه الأحاديث من بلوغ المرام، تأليف: صالح بن فوزان بن عبد الله الفوزان، الطبعة: الأولى، 1427 هـ - 2006 م.
عن جابر بن عبد الله رضي الله عنهما قال: كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إذا توضأ أدار الماء على مِرْفَقَيْهِ.
Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to run the water around his elbows while performing ablution.
Al-Bayhaqi - Narrated by Ad-DaraqutnyGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
This Hadīth indicates that among the obligations of ablution is to wash the hands up to the elbows. Stressing the necessity of washing the elbows thoroughly indicates that they are included in the washing of hands.
Reference
سنن الدارقطني، تحقيق: شعيب الأرنؤوط وآخرون، ط1، مؤسسة الرسالة، بيروت، لبنان، 1424 هـ.
سنن البيهقي الكبرى، أحمد بن الحسين بن علي أبو بكر البيهقي، مكتبة دار الباز - مكة المكرمة ، 1414 – 1994، تحقيق: محمد عبد القادر عطا.
السلسلة الصحيحة، المؤلف: محمد ناصر الدين الألباني، الناشر: مكتبة المعارف – الرياض, الطبعة الأولى, 1422ه.
تسهيل الإلمام بفقه الأحاديث من بلوغ المرام للحافظ أحمد بن علي بن حجر العسقلاني، شرحه الشيخ د. صالح بن فوزان الفوزان، اعتنى بإخراجه: عبد السلام السليمان، ط 1، 1427ه/2006م.
توضيح الأحكام من بلوغ المرام للحافظ أحمد بن علي بن حجر العسقلاني، عبدالله بن عبد الرحمن البسام ، مكتبة الأسدي، مكة، ط الخامسة، 1423هـ.
منحة العلام في شرح بلوغ المرام، تأليف عبد الله بن صالح الفوزان، ط 1، 1427هـ، دار ابن الجوزي - الرياض.
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