At-Talaaq

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِىُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَطَلِّقُوهُنَّ لِعِدَّتِهِنَّ وَأَحْصُوا۟ ٱلْعِدَّةَ ۖ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ رَبَّكُمْ ۖ لَا تُخْرِجُوهُنَّ مِنۢ بُيُوتِهِنَّ وَلَا يَخْرُجْنَ إِلَّآ أَن يَأْتِينَ بِفَـٰحِشَةٍ مُّبَيِّنَةٍ ۚ وَتِلْكَ حُدُودُ ٱللَّهِ ۚ وَمَن يَتَعَدَّ حُدُودَ ٱللَّهِ فَقَدْ ظَلَمَ نَفْسَهُۥ ۚ لَا تَدْرِى لَعَلَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحْدِثُ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ أَمْرًا ۱

{ يأيها النبى } المراد أمته بقرينة ما بعده، أو قل لهم { إذا طلقتم النسآء } أي أردتم الطلاق { فطلقوهن لعدتهن } لأولها بأن يكون الطلاق في طهر لم تمس فيه لتفسيره صلى الله عليه وسلم بذلك، رواه الشيخان { وأحصوا العدة } احفظوها لتراجعوا قبل فراغها { واتقوا الله ربكم } أطيعوه في أمره ونهيه { لا تخرجوهن من بيوتهن ولا يخرجن } منها حتى تنقضي عدتهن { إلا أن يأتين بفحشة } زنا { مبينة } بفتح الياء وكسرها: أي بينت، أو بينة فيخرجن لإقامة الحد عليهن { وتلك } المذكورات { حدود الله ومن يتعد حدود الله فقد ظلم نفسه لا تدرى لعل الله يحدث بعد ذلك } الطلاق { أمرا } مراجعة فيما إذا كان واحدة أو اثنتين.

O Prophet, meaning [to address] his community, on account of what follows; or, [it means] say to them: when you [men] divorce women, when you intend to [effect a] divorce, divorce them by their prescribed period, at the beginning of it, such that the divorce is effected while she is pure and has not been touched [sexually], based on the Prophet’s (s) explaining it in this way, [as] reported by the two Shaykhs [al-Bukhārī and Muslim]. And count the prescribed period, keep record of it, so that you may repeal [your decision] before it is concluded; and fear God your Lord, obey Him in His commands and prohibitions. Do not expel them from their houses, nor let them go forth, from them until their prescribed period is concluded, unless they commit a blatant [act of] indecency, [such as] adultery (read mubayyana or mubayyina, corresponding [respectively] to buyyinat, ‘one that has been proven’, and bayyina, ‘blatant’), in which case they are brought out in order to carry out the [prescribed] legal punishment against them. And those, mentioned [stipulations], are God’s bounds; and whoever transgresses the bounds of God has verily wronged his soul. You never know: it may be that God will bring something new to pass afterwards, [after] the divorce, [such as] a retraction, in the event that it was the first or second [declaration of divorce].

فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ فَأَمْسِكُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ أَوْ فَارِقُوهُنَّ بِمَعْرُوفٍ وَأَشْهِدُوا۟ ذَوَىْ عَدْلٍ مِّنكُمْ وَأَقِيمُوا۟ ٱلشَّهَـٰدَةَ لِلَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ يُوعَظُ بِهِۦ مَن كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلْيَوْمِ ٱلْـَٔاخِرِ ۚ وَمَن يَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ يَجْعَل لَّهُۥ مَخْرَجًا ۲

{ فإذا بلغن أجلهن } قاربن انقضاء عدتهن { فأمسكوهن } بأن تراجعوهن { بمعروف } من غير ضرار { أو فارقوهن بمعروف } اتركوهن حتى تنقضي عدتهن ولا تضاروهن بالمراجعة { وأشهدوا ذوى عدل منكم } على المراجعة أو الفراق { وأقيموا الشهدة لله } لا للمشهود عليه أو له { ذلكم يوعظ به من كان يؤمن بالله واليوم الأخر ومن يتق الله يجعل له مخرجا } من كرب الدنيا والآخرة.

Then, when they have reached their term, [when] they are near the end of their prescribed period, retain them, by taking them back, honourably, without coercion, or separate from them honourably, leave them to conclude their waiting period and do not compel them to go back [to you]. And call to witness two just men from among yourselves, [to witness] the retraction or the separation, and bear witness for the sake of God, and not [merely] for the sake of what is being witnessed or for the sake of the man. By this is exhorted whoever believes in God and the Last Day. And whoever fears God, He will make a way out for him, from the distress of this world and the Hereafter;

وَيَرْزُقْهُ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَحْتَسِبُ ۚ وَمَن يَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَهُوَ حَسْبُهُۥٓ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بَـٰلِغُ أَمْرِهِۦ ۚ قَدْ جَعَلَ ٱللَّهُ لِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدْرًا ۳

{ ويرزقه من حيث لا يحتسب } يخطر بباله { ومن يتوكل على الله } في أموره { فهو حسبه } كافيه { إن الله بلغ أمره } مراده. وفي قراءة بالإضافة { قد جعل الله لكل شىء } كرخاء وشدة { قدرا } ميقاتا.

and He will provide for him from whence he never expected, [from whence] it never occurred to him. And whoever puts his trust in God, regarding his affairs, He will suffice him. Indeed God fulfils His command, His will (a variant reading [for bālighun amrahu] has the genitive construction [bālighu amrihi]). Verily God has ordained for everything, [even things] such as comfort and hardship, a measure, a fixed time.

وَٱلَّـٰٓـِٔى يَئِسْنَ مِنَ ٱلْمَحِيضِ مِن نِّسَآئِكُمْ إِنِ ٱرْتَبْتُمْ فَعِدَّتُهُنَّ ثَلَـٰثَةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَٱلَّـٰٓـِٔى لَمْ يَحِضْنَ ۚ وَأُو۟لَـٰتُ ٱلْأَحْمَالِ أَجَلُهُنَّ أَن يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ ۚ وَمَن يَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ يَجْعَل لَّهُۥ مِنْ أَمْرِهِۦ يُسْرًا ۴

{ والئى } بهمزة وياء، وبلا ياء في الموضعين { يئسن من المحيض } بمعنى الحيض { من نسآئكم إن ارتبتم } شككتم في عدتهن { فعدتهن ثلثة أشهر والئى لم يحضن } لصغرهن فعدتهن ثلاثة أشهر، والمسألتان في غير المتوفى عنهن أزواجهن، أما هن فعدتهن ما في آية (يتربصن بأنفسهن أربعة أشهر وعشرا ) { وأولت الأحمال أجلهن } انقضاء عدتهن مطلقات أو متوفى عنهن أزواجهن { أن يضعن حملهن ومن يتق الله يجعل له من أمره يسرا } في الدنيا والآخرة.

And [as for] those of your women who (read allā’ī or allā’i in both instances) no longer expect to menstruate, if you have any doubts, about their waiting period, their prescribed [waiting] period shall be three months, and [also for] those who have not yet menstruated, because of their young age, their period shall [also] be three months — both cases apply to other than those whose spouses have died; for these [latter] their period is prescribed in the verse: they shall wait by themselves for four months and ten [days] [Q. 2:234]. And those who are pregnant, their term, the conclusion of their prescribed [waiting] period if divorced or if their spouses be dead, shall be when they deliver. And whoever fears God, He will make matters ease for him, in this world and in the Hereafter.

ذَٰلِكَ أَمْرُ ٱللَّهِ أَنزَلَهُۥٓ إِلَيْكُمْ ۚ وَمَن يَتَّقِ ٱللَّهَ يُكَفِّرْ عَنْهُ سَيِّـَٔاتِهِۦ وَيُعْظِمْ لَهُۥٓ أَجْرًا ۵

{ ذلك } المذكور في العدة { أمر الله } حكمه { أنزله إليكم ومن يتق الله يكفر عنه سيئته ويعظم له أجرا }.

That, which is mentioned regarding the prescribed [waiting] period, is God’s command, His ruling, which He has revealed to you. And whoever fears God, He will absolve him of his misdeeds and magnify the reward for him.

أَسْكِنُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ سَكَنتُم مِّن وُجْدِكُمْ وَلَا تُضَآرُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُوا۟ عَلَيْهِنَّ ۚ وَإِن كُنَّ أُو۟لَـٰتِ حَمْلٍ فَأَنفِقُوا۟ عَلَيْهِنَّ حَتَّىٰ يَضَعْنَ حَمْلَهُنَّ ۚ فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَـَٔاتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ ۖ وَأْتَمِرُوا۟ بَيْنَكُم بِمَعْرُوفٍ ۖ وَإِن تَعَاسَرْتُمْ فَسَتُرْضِعُ لَهُۥٓ أُخْرَىٰ ۶

{ أسكنوهن } أي المطلقات { من حيث سكنتم } أي بعض مساكنكم { من وجدكم } أي سعتكم عطف بيان، أو بدل مما قبله بإعادة الجار وتقدير مضاف أي أمكنة سعتكم لا ما دونها { ولا تضآروهن لتضيقوا عليهن } المساكن فيحتجن إلى الخروج أو النفقة فيفتدين منكم { وإن كن أولات حمل فأنفقوا عليهن حتى يضعن حملهن فإن أرضعن لكم } أولادكم منهن { فئاتوهن أجورهن } على الرضاع { وأتمروا بينكم } وبينهن { بمعروف } بجميل في حق الأولاد بالتوافق على أجر معلوم للإرضاع { وإن تعاسرتم } تضايقتم في الرضاع فامتنع الأب من الأجرة والأم من فعله { فسترضع له } للأب { أخرى } ولا تكره الأم على إرضاعه.

Lodge them, that is, the divorced women, where you dwell, that is to say, in some part of your dwellings, in accordance with your means (min wujdikum is an explicative supplement, or a substitution of what precedes it with the repetition of the same preposition [min] and with an implied genitive annexation, in other words, [something like] amkinat sa‘atikum, ‘[house them in] the places of your means and not otherwise’) and do not harass them so as to put them in straits, with regard to accommodation, such that they would then need to go elsewhere or [be in need of] maintenance [to provide for themselves] so that they [are forced to] ransom themselves from you. And if they are pregnant, then maintain them until they deliver. Then, if they suckle for you, your children [whom you have] from them, give them their wages, for the suckling, and consult together, with them, honourably, with kindness, for the sake of the children, by mutual agreement on a fixed wage for the suckling. But if you both make difficulties, regarding the suckling, with either the father withholding [payment of] the wage or the mother refraining from performing it, then another woman will suckle [the child] for him, for the father, and the mother should not be compelled to suckle it.

لِيُنفِقْ ذُو سَعَةٍ مِّن سَعَتِهِۦ ۖ وَمَن قُدِرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقُهُۥ فَلْيُنفِقْ مِمَّآ ءَاتَىٰهُ ٱللَّهُ ۚ لَا يُكَلِّفُ ٱللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا مَآ ءَاتَىٰهَا ۚ سَيَجْعَلُ ٱللَّهُ بَعْدَ عُسْرٍ يُسْرًا ۷

{ لينفق } على المطلقات والمرضعات { ذو سعة من سعته ومن قدر } ضيق { عليه رزقه فلينفق مما ءاته } أعطاه { الله } على قدره { لا يكلف الله نفسا إلا مآ ءاتها سيجعل الله بعد عسر يسرا } وقد جعله بالفتوح.

Let the affluent man expend, on the divorced or the suckling woman, out of his affluence. And let he whose provision has been straitened, restricted, for him, expend of what God has given him, in accordance with his means. God does not charge any soul save except with what He has given it. God will assuredly bring about ease after hardship — which He indeed did by way of the [Muslim] conquests.

وَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرْيَةٍ عَتَتْ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهَا وَرُسُلِهِۦ فَحَاسَبْنَـٰهَا حِسَابًا شَدِيدًا وَعَذَّبْنَـٰهَا عَذَابًا نُّكْرًا ۸

{ وكأين } هي كاف الجر دخلت على أي بمعنى كم { من قرية } أي وكثير من القرى { عتت } عصت، يعني أهلها { عن أمر ربها ورسله فحاسبنها } في الآخرة وإن لم تجيء لتحقق وقوعها { حسابا شديدا وعذبنها عذابا نكرا } بسكون الكاف وضمها فظيعا وهو عذاب النار.

And how many (ka’ayyin: the kāf is the genitive prepositional particle which has been added to ayy, ‘which’, to give the meaning of kam, ‘how many’) a town — that is to say, many a town, meaning its inhabitants, disobeyed the command of its Lord and His messengers, then We called it, in the Hereafter — even if it has not yet arrived, [God says so] because of the fact that it will surely come to pass — to a severe reckoning and chastised it with a dire chastisement (read nukran or nukuran), namely, the chastisement of the Fire.

فَذَاقَتْ وَبَالَ أَمْرِهَا وَكَانَ عَـٰقِبَةُ أَمْرِهَا خُسْرًا ۹

{ فذاقت وبال أمرها } عقوبته { وكانت عقبة أمرها خسرا } خسارا وهلاكا.

So it tasted the evil consequences of its conduct, the punishment for it, and the consequence of its conduct was [utter] loss, failure and destruction.

أَعَدَّ ٱللَّهُ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا شَدِيدًا ۖ فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ يَـٰٓأُو۟لِى ٱلْأَلْبَـٰبِ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ۚ قَدْ أَنزَلَ ٱللَّهُ إِلَيْكُمْ ذِكْرًا ۱۰

{ أعد الله لهم عذابا شديدا } تكرير الوعيد توكيد { فاتقوا الله يأولى الألبب } أصحاب العقول { الذين ءامنوا } نعت للمنادى أو بيان له { قد أنزل الله إليكم ذكرا } هو القرآن.

God has prepared for them a severe chastisement (the reiteration of the threat is for emphasis). So fear God, O people of pith, O possessors of intellect, [you] who believe! (this is a description of the vocative, or an explication of it) God has certainly revealed to you a [source of] remembrance, that is, the Qur’ān;

رَّسُولًا يَتْلُوا۟ عَلَيْكُمْ ءَايَـٰتِ ٱللَّهِ مُبَيِّنَـٰتٍ لِّيُخْرِجَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ مِنَ ٱلظُّلُمَـٰتِ إِلَى ٱلنُّورِ ۚ وَمَن يُؤْمِنۢ بِٱللَّهِ وَيَعْمَلْ صَـٰلِحًا يُدْخِلْهُ جَنَّـٰتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ خَـٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَدًا ۖ قَدْ أَحْسَنَ ٱللَّهُ لَهُۥ رِزْقًا ۱۱

{ رسولا } أي محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم منصوب بفعل مقدر، أي وأرسل { يتلوا عليكم ءايت الله مبينت } بفتح الياء وكسرها كما تقدم { ليخرج الذين ءامنوا وعملوا الصلحت } بعد مجيء الذكر والرسول { من الظلمت } الكفر الذي كانوا عليه { إلى النور } الإيمان الذي قام بهم بعد الكفر { ومن يؤمن بالله ويعمل صلحا يدخله } وفي قراءة (ندخله) بالنون { جنت تجرى من تحتها الأنهر خلدين فيهآ أبدا قد أحسن الله له رزقا } هو رزق الجنة التي لا ينقطع نعيمها.

a messenger, that is, Muhammad (s) (rasūlan is in the accusative because of an implied verb, that is to say, wa-arsala, ‘and He sent you [a messenger]’) reciting to you the clear signs of God (read mubayyanāt or mubayyināt, as [explained] above) that He may bring forth those who believe and perform righteous deeds, after the arrival of the remembrance and the Messenger, from darkness, the disbelief to which they adhered, to light, the faith that was established in them after [a life of] disbelief. And those who believe in God and act righteously, He will admit them (a variant reading has the first person plural [nudkhilhu, ‘We will admit them’]) into gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever. God has verily made a good provision for him, namely, the provision of Paradise, the bliss of which never ends.

ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ سَبْعَ سَمَـٰوَٰتٍ وَمِنَ ٱلْأَرْضِ مِثْلَهُنَّ يَتَنَزَّلُ ٱلْأَمْرُ بَيْنَهُنَّ لِتَعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ وَأَنَّ ٱللَّهَ قَدْ أَحَاطَ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عِلْمًۢا ۱۲

{ الله الذى خلق سبع سموت ومن الأرض مثلهن } يعني سبع أرضين { يتنزل الأمر } الوحي { بينهن } بين السموات والأرض: ينزل به جبريل من السماء السابعة إلى الأرض السابعة { لتعلموا } متعلق بمحذوف، أي أعلمكم بذلك الخلق والتنزيل { أن الله على كل شىء قدير وأن الله قد أحاط بكل شىء علما }.

God it is Who created seven heavens, and of earth the like thereof, that is to say, seven earths. The command, the revelation, descends between them, between the heavens and the earth: Gabriel descends with it from the seventh heaven to the seventh earth, that you may know (li-ta‘lamū is semantically connected to an omitted clause, that is to say, ‘He apprises you of this creation and this sending down [that you may know]’), that God has power over all things and that God encompasses all things in knowledge.