Al-Qamar

ٱقْتَرَبَتِ ٱلسَّاعَةُ وَٱنشَقَّ ٱلْقَمَرُ ۱

{ اقتربت الساعة } قربت القيامة { وانشق القمر } انفلق فلقتين على أبي قبيس وقعيقعان آية له صلى الله عليه وسلم وقد سئلها فقال (اشهدوا) رواه الشيخان.

The Hour has drawn near, the Resurrection is close at hand, and the moon has split, it broke in two at [Mount] Abū Qubays and Qu‘ayqa‘ān, as a sign for the Prophet (s), for it had been demanded of him, and [when it took place] he said, ‘Bear witness [now]!’ — as reported by the two Shaykhs [al-Bukhārī and Muslim].

وَإِن يَرَوْا۟ ءَايَةً يُعْرِضُوا۟ وَيَقُولُوا۟ سِحْرٌ مُّسْتَمِرٌّ ۲

{ وإن يروا } أي كفار قريش { ءاية } معجزة له صلى الله عليه وسلم { يعرضوا ويقولوا } هذا { سحر مستمر } قوي من المرة:القوة أو دائم.

And if they, the disbelievers among Quraysh, see a sign, a miracle of the Prophet (s), they turn away and say, this is: ‘A powerful sorcery!’ (mustamirr, ‘powerful’, derives from al-mirra, meaning ‘strength’; or it [mustamirr] means ‘incessant’).

وَكَذَّبُوا۟ وَٱتَّبَعُوٓا۟ أَهْوَآءَهُمْ ۚ وَكُلُّ أَمْرٍ مُّسْتَقِرٌّ ۳

{ وكذبوا } النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم { واتبعوا أهواءهم } في الباطل { وكل أمر } من الخير والشر { مستقر } بأهله في الجنة أو النار.

And they denied, the Prophet (s), and followed their own desires, as regards [their] falsehood; and every matter, that is good or evil, will be settled, with that person [who is responsible for it], either [by his ending up] in Paradise or in the Fire.

وَلَقَدْ جَآءَهُم مِّنَ ٱلْأَنۢبَآءِ مَا فِيهِ مُزْدَجَرٌ ۴

{ ولقد جآءهم من الأنبآء } أخبار إهلاك الأمم المكذبة رسلهم { ما فيه مزدجر } لهم اسم مصدر أو اسم مكان والدال بدل من تاء الافتعال وازدجرته وزجرته: نهيته بغلظة وما موصولة أو موصوفة.

And verily there has come to them such tidings, stories about the destruction of communities which denied their messengers, as contain a deterrent, to them (muzdajar is a verbal noun, or a noun of place; the dāl [of muzdajar] replaces the tā’ of [the 8th form] ifta‘ala; one may say, izdajartuhu or zajartuhu, to mean ‘I forbade him sternly’; mā, ‘such as’, either indicates a relative clause, or it is qualified by an adjective);

حِكْمَةٌۢ بَـٰلِغَةٌ ۖ فَمَا تُغْنِ ٱلنُّذُرُ ۵

{ حكمة } خبر مبتدأ محذوف أو بدل من ما أو من مزدجر { بلغة } تامة { فما تغن } تنفع فيهم { النذر } جمع نذير بمعنى منذر، أي الأمور المنذرة لهم وما للنفي أو للاستفهام الإنكاري وهي على الثاني مفعول مقدم.

wisdom (hikmatun is the predicate of an omitted subject, or a substitution for mā, ‘such as’, or for muzdajar, ‘deterrent’) [that is] far-reaching, complete; but warnings (nudhur is the plural of nadhīr, functioning in the [agent] sense of mundhir, ‘a warner’, that is to say, ‘those matters which warn them’; mā is either for negation, or it is an interrogative of denial, in which case it stands as a preceding direct object) are of no avail, [warnings] are of no use with them.

فَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ ۘ يَوْمَ يَدْعُ ٱلدَّاعِ إِلَىٰ شَىْءٍ نُّكُرٍ ۶

{ فتول عنهم } هو فائدة ما قبله وتم به الكلام { يوم يدع الداع } هو إسرافيل وناصب يوم يخرجون بعد { إلى شىء نكر } بضم الكاف وسكونها ،أي منكر تنكره النفوس لشدته وهو الحساب.

So turn away from them! (this is the import of the preceding statement and it completes what is being said). On the day when the Summoner, namely, Isrāfīl (yawma, ‘the day’, is rendered accusative by yakhrujūna, ‘they will emerge’, next [verse]), summons to an awful thing (read nukur or nukr, in the sense of munkar, ‘disagreeable’), [a thing] which the souls will find awful, and this is the Reckoning;

خُشَّعًا أَبْصَـٰرُهُمْ يَخْرُجُونَ مِنَ ٱلْأَجْدَاثِ كَأَنَّهُمْ جَرَادٌ مُّنتَشِرٌ ۷

{ خشعا } ذليلا وفي قراءة خشعا بضم الخاء وفتح الشين مشددة { أبصرهم } حال من فاعل { يخرجون } أي الناس { من الأجداث } القبور { كأنهم جراد منتشر } لا يدرون أين يذهبون من الخوف والحيرة ، والجملة حال من فاعل يخرجون وكذا قوله.

with their downcast (khāshi‘an: a variant reading has khushsha‘an), humiliated, looks (absāruhum is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject of the verb [yakhrujūna, ‘they will emerge’]) they, that is, mankind, will emerge from the graves as though they were scattered locusts, not knowing where to go, out of fear and perplexity (this sentence [ka’annahum jarādun muntashirun] is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject of [the verb] yakhrujūna, ‘they will emerge’, and so is His saying [muhti‘īna]),

مُّهْطِعِينَ إِلَى ٱلدَّاعِ ۖ يَقُولُ ٱلْكَـٰفِرُونَ هَـٰذَا يَوْمٌ عَسِرٌ ۸

{ مهطعين } أي مسرعين مادين أعناقهم { إلى الداع يقولالكفرون } منهم { هذا يوم عسر } أي صعب على الكافرين كما في المدثر

يوم عسير على الكافرين

[10,9:74].

scrambling, hastening with their necks stretched out, toward the Summoner. The disbelievers, among them, will say: ‘This is a hard day!’, a difficult one for disbelievers — as is stated in [sūrat] al-Muddaththir, a day of hardship for the disbelievers [Q. 74:9-10].

كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ فَكَذَّبُوا۟ عَبْدَنَا وَقَالُوا۟ مَجْنُونٌ وَٱزْدُجِرَ ۹

{ كذبت قبلهم } قبل قريش { قوم نوح } تأنيث الفعل لمعنى قوم { فكذبوا عبدنا } نوحا { وقالوا مجنون وازدجر } أي انتهروه بالسب وغيره.

The people of Noah denied (kadhdhabat has feminine inflection on account of the import [referring to a feminine noun], qawm, ‘tribe’) before them, before Quraysh. Thus they denied Our servant, Noah, and said, ‘A madman!’, and he was reviled: they repulsed him with insults and in other ways.

فَدَعَا رَبَّهُۥٓ أَنِّى مَغْلُوبٌ فَٱنتَصِرْ ۱۰

{ فدعا ربه أنى } بالفتح ،أي بأني { مغلوب فانتصر }.

And so he invoked his Lord, [saying,] ‘I have been (annī, to be understood as bi-annī) overcome, so help [me]!’

فَفَتَحْنَآ أَبْوَٰبَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ بِمَآءٍ مُّنْهَمِرٍ ۱۱

{ ففتحنآ } بالتخفيف والتشديد { أبوب السمآء بمآء منهمر } منصب انصبابا شديدا.

Then We opened (read fa-fatahnā or fa-fattahnā) the gates of the heaven with torrential waters, [waters] pouring down intensely,

وَفَجَّرْنَا ٱلْأَرْضَ عُيُونًا فَٱلْتَقَى ٱلْمَآءُ عَلَىٰٓ أَمْرٍ قَدْ قُدِرَ ۱۲

{ وفجرنا الأرض عيونا } تنبع { فالتقى المآء } ماء السماء والأرض { على أمر } حال { قد قدر } قضي به في الأزل وهو هلاكهم غرقا.

and We made the earth burst forth with springs, that flowed forth, and the waters, the waters of the heaven and the earth, met for a purpose, a circumstance, that was preordained, [a matter] which had been decreed since pre-eternity, namely, their destruction by drowning.