Al-Maaida

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ أَوْفُوا۟ بِٱلْعُقُودِ ۚ أُحِلَّتْ لَكُم بَهِيمَةُ ٱلْأَنْعَـٰمِ إِلَّا مَا يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ غَيْرَ مُحِلِّى ٱلصَّيْدِ وَأَنتُمْ حُرُمٌ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَحْكُمُ مَا يُرِيدُ ۱

{ يأيها الذين ءامنوا أوفوا بالعقود } العهود المؤكدة التي بينكم وبين الله والناس { أحلت لكم بهيمة الأنعام } الإبل والبقر والغنم أكلا بعد الذبح { إلا ما يتلى عليكم } تحريمه في { حرمت عليكم الميتة } الآية، فالاستثناء منقطع، ويجوز أن يكون متصلا والتحريم لما عرض من الموت ونحوه { غير محلى الصيد وأنتم حرم } أي محرمون، ونصب «غير» على الحال من ضمير (لكم) { إن الله يحكم ما يريد } من التحليل وغيره لا اعتراض عليه.

O you who believe, fulfil your bonds, the covenants confirmed between you and God and [between you and other] people. Lawful to you is the beast of the flocks, camels, cattle, and sheep [and goats], to eat after slaughtering [them], except that which is now being recited to you, as forbidden in [the verse below] Forbidden to you are carrion…[Q. 5:3]; the exceptive clause here is a discontinuous one, but may also be continuous; the forbidding concerns that which has succumbed to death and the like; game not being lawful to you when you are on pilgrimage (hurum means muhrimūn; ghayra, ‘not’, is in the accusative as [it introduces] a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject of the pronoun lakum, ‘to you’). Verily, God decrees whatever He desires, in the way of making [things] lawful or otherwise, and there can be no objection thereto.

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تُحِلُّوا۟ شَعَـٰٓئِرَ ٱللَّهِ وَلَا ٱلشَّهْرَ ٱلْحَرَامَ وَلَا ٱلْهَدْىَ وَلَا ٱلْقَلَـٰٓئِدَ وَلَآ ءَآمِّينَ ٱلْبَيْتَ ٱلْحَرَامَ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلًا مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ وَرِضْوَٰنًا ۚ وَإِذَا حَلَلْتُمْ فَٱصْطَادُوا۟ ۚ وَلَا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَـَٔانُ قَوْمٍ أَن صَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ ٱلْمَسْجِدِ ٱلْحَرَامِ أَن تَعْتَدُوا۟ ۘ وَتَعَاوَنُوا۟ عَلَى ٱلْبِرِّ وَٱلتَّقْوَىٰ ۖ وَلَا تَعَاوَنُوا۟ عَلَى ٱلْإِثْمِ وَٱلْعُدْوَٰنِ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۖ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ شَدِيدُ ٱلْعِقَابِ ۲

{ يأيها الذين ءامنوا لا تحلوا شعئر الله } جمع (شعيرة) أي معالم دينه بالصيد في الإحرام { ولا الشهر الحرام } بالقتال فيه { ولا الهدى } ما أهدي إلى الحرم من النعم بالتعرض له { ولا القلئد } جمع (قلادة)، وهي ما كان يقلد به من شجر الحرم ليأمن، أي فلا تتعرضوا لها ولا لأصحابها { ولا } تحلوا { أمين } قاصدين { البيت الحرام } بأن تقاتلوهم { يبتغون فضلا } رزقا { من ربهم } بالتجارة { ورضوانا } منه بقصده بزعمهم الفاسد، وهذا منسوخ بآية (براءة) [5:9] { وإذا حللتم } من الإحرام { فاصطادوا } أمر إباحة { ولا يجرمنكم } يكسبنكم { شنئان } بفتح النون وسكونها، بغض { قوم } لأجل { أن صدوكم عن المسجد الحرام أن تعتدوا } عليهم بالقتل وغيره { وتعاونوا على البر } فعل ما أمرتم به { والتقوى } بترك ما نهيتم عنه { ولا تعاونوا } فيه حذف إحدى التاءين في الأصل { على الإثم } المعاصي { والعدوان } التعدي في حدود الله { واتقوا الله } خافوا عقابه بأن تطيعوه { أن الله شديد العقاب } لمن خالفه.

O you who believe, do not profane God’s sacraments (sha‘ā’ir is the plural of sha‘īra), that is, the [ritual] ceremonies of the religion, by hunting [game] while you are on pilgrimage, nor the sacred month, by fighting in it, nor the offering, that is, the boon offered in the [Meccan] Sanctuary, by interfering with it, nor the garlands (qalā’id, is the plural of qilāda, and these, made from the trees around the Sanctuary, were placed around it [the offering] to protect it), in other words, do not interfere with these [offerings] or with those who place them; nor, violate the sanctity of, those repairing, those heading, to the Sacred House, by fighting them [who are], seeking bounty, provision, from their Lord, through commerce, and, His, beatitude, by resorting to Him, as they [the Meccans pagans] falsely claimed (this was abrogated by the barā’a verse [of sūrat al-Tawba, Q. 9:4]). But when you are discharged, from pilgrimage inviolability, then hunt for game (a command denoting permission). And let not hatred (read shana’ānu or shan’ānu) of a people that, because [they], barred you from the Sacred Mosque cause you to commit aggression, against them by killing them or otherwise. Help one another to righteousness, by doing that to which you were enjoined, and piety, by refraining from what you have been forbidden; do not help one another (ta‘āwanū: one of the two original tā’ letters [in tata‘āwanū] has been omitted) to sin, acts of disobedience, and enmity, transgression of God’s bounds. And fear God, fear His punishment by being obedient to Him; surely God is severe in retribution, against those that oppose Him.

حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ ٱلْمَيْتَةُ وَٱلدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ ٱلْخِنزِيرِ وَمَآ أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ ٱللَّهِ بِهِۦ وَٱلْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَٱلْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَٱلْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَٱلنَّطِيحَةُ وَمَآ أَكَلَ ٱلسَّبُعُ إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى ٱلنُّصُبِ وَأَن تَسْتَقْسِمُوا۟ بِٱلْأَزْلَـٰمِ ۚ ذَٰلِكُمْ فِسْقٌ ۗ ٱلْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ مِن دِينِكُمْ فَلَا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَٱخْشَوْنِ ۚ ٱلْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِى وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ ٱلْإِسْلَـٰمَ دِينًا ۚ فَمَنِ ٱضْطُرَّ فِى مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لِّإِثْمٍ ۙ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ ۳

{ حرمت عليكم الميتة } أي أكلها { والدم } أي المسفوح كما في (الأنعام) [145:6] { ولحم الخنزير وما أهل لغير الله به } بأن ذبح على اسم غيره { والمنخنقة } الميتة خنقا { والموقوذة } المقتولة ضربا { والمتردية } الساقطة من علو إلى أسفل فماتت { والنطيحة } المقتولة بنطح أخرى لها { وما أكل السبع } منه { إلا ما ذكيتم } أي أدركتم فيه الروح من هذه الأشياء فذبحتموه { وما ذبح على } اسم { النصب } جمع (نصاب) وهي الأصنام { وأن تستقسموا } تطلبوا القسم والحكم { بالأزلام } جمع (زلم) بفتح الزاي وضمها مع فتح اللام (قدح) بكسر القاف صغير لا ريش له ولا نصل وكانت سبعة عند سادن الكعبة عليها أعلام وكانوا يحكمونها فإن أمرتهم ائتمروا وإن نهتهم انتهوا { ذلكم فسق } خروج عن الطاعة، ونزل يوم عرفة عام حجة الوداع { اليوم يئس الذين كفروا من دينكم } أن ترتدوا عنه بعد طمعهم في ذلك لما رأوا من قوته { فلا تخشوهم واخشون اليوم أكملت لكم دينكم } أحكامه وفرائضه فلم ينزل بعدها حلال ولا حرام { وأتممت عليكم نعمتى } بإكماله وقيل بدخول مكة آمنين { ورضيت } أي اخترت { لكم الإسلم دينا فمن اضطر فى مخمصة } مجاعة إلى أكل شيء مما حرم عليه فأكله { غير متجانف } مائل { لإثم } معصية { فإن الله غفور } له ما أكل { رحيم } به في إباحته له بخلاف المائل لإثم أي المتلبس به كقاطع الطريق والباغي مثلا فلا يحل له الأكل.

Forbidden to you is carrion, that is, the consumption of it, and blood, that is, what has been spilt, as mentioned in [sūrat] al-An‘ām [Q. 6:145], and the flesh of swine, and what has been hallowed to other than God, in that it was sacrificed in the name of something other than Him, and the beast strangled, to death, and the beast beaten down, to death, and the beast fallen, from a height to its death, and the beast gored, to death by another, and what beasts of prey have devoured, of such animals — except for what you have sacrificed duly, catching it while it still breathes life and then sacrificing it — and what has been sacrificed in, the name of, idols (nusub is the plural of nusāb) and that you apportion, that is, that you demand an oath or a ruling, through the divining of arrows (azlām: the plural of zalam or zulam, which is a qidh, ‘a small arrow’, without feathers or a head). There were seven of these [arrows], [marked] with flags, and they were retained by the keeper of the Ka‘ba. They would use them for abitrations and when they commanded them they obeyed, and if they prohibited them they would desist; that is wickedness, a rebellion against obedience. And on the Day of ‘Arafa in the year of the Farewell Pilgrimage, the following was revealed: Today the disbelievers have despaired of your religion, of you apostatising from it, having hoped for it [earlier], for now they perceived its strength; therefore do not fear them, but fear Me. Today I have perfected your religion for you, that is, its rulings and obligations (after this [verse] nothing about [what is] lawful or unlawful was revealed) and I have completed My favour upon you, by perfecting it [your religion], but it is also said by [effecting] their safe entry into Mecca; and I have approved, chosen, Islam for you as religion. But whoever is constrained by emptiness, by hunger, to consume some of what has been forbidden him and consumes it, not inclining purposely to sin, to an act of disobedience — then God is Forgiving, to him for what he has consumed, Merciful, to him by permitting it to him, in contrast to the one who [purposely] inclines to sin, that is, the one actively engaged in it, such as a waylayer or a criminal, for whom [such] consumption is forbidden.

يَسْـَٔلُونَكَ مَاذَآ أُحِلَّ لَهُمْ ۖ قُلْ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ ٱلطَّيِّبَـٰتُ ۙ وَمَا عَلَّمْتُم مِّنَ ٱلْجَوَارِحِ مُكَلِّبِينَ تُعَلِّمُونَهُنَّ مِمَّا عَلَّمَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ ۖ فَكُلُوا۟ مِمَّآ أَمْسَكْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَٱذْكُرُوا۟ ٱسْمَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ ۖ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ سَرِيعُ ٱلْحِسَابِ ۴

{ يسئلونك } يا محمد { ماذا أحل لهم } من الطعام { قل أحل لكم الطيبت } المستلذات { و } صيد { ما علمتم من الجوارح } الكواسب من الكلاب والسباع والطير { مكلبين } حال من (كلبت الكلب) بالتشديد: أي أرسلته على الصيد { تعلمونهن } حال من ضمير (مكلبين)، أي تؤدبونهن { مما علمكم الله } من آداب الصيد { فكلوا مما أمسكن عليكم } وإن قتلنه بأن لم يأكلن منه بخلاف غير المعلمة فلا يحل صيدها وعلامتها أن تسترسل إذا أرسلت وتنزجر إذا زجرت وتمسك الصيد ولا تأكل منه وأقل ما يعرف به ذلك ثلاث مرات فإن أكلت منه فليس مما أمسكن على صاحبهن فلا يحل أكله كما في حديث الصحيحين وفيه أن صيد السهم إذا أرسل وذكر اسم الله عليه كصيد المعلم من الجوارح { واذكروا اسم الله عليه } عند إرساله { واتقوا الله إن الله سريع الحساب }.

They will ask you, O Muhammad (s), about what, food, is made lawful for them. Say: ‘The good, delicious, things are made lawful for you; and the, quarry of, hunting creatures, dogs, wildcats or birds that catch food, you have taught, training [them] as hounds (mukallibīn is a circumstantial qualifier, derived from kallabtu al-kalba, meaning, ‘I released the hound against the quarry’) teaching them (tu‘allimūnahunna is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the subject of mukallibīn, ‘training [them] as hounds’, in other words, ‘disciplining them’) of what God has taught you, of the art of hunting; so eat what they have caught for you, even if they have killed it, as long as they have not eaten any of it. This is in contrast to the untrained [hunting creatures], whose catch is not lawful [for consumption]: the mark of these [being trained hunting creatures] is that they should return after they have been sent out, that they can be curbed when cried at and that they can seize the quarry without eating of it; the minimum number of times by which this may be known is three. If they eat any of it, then it cannot be counted as ‘what they have caught’ for their trainers, and is consequently unlawful for consumption, as reported in hadīth in both of the Sahīhs [of Bukhārī and Muslim] — therein it is also mentioned that a catch made by an arrow over which God’s name is mentioned is equivalent [in lawfulness] to the catch of trained hunting creatures. And mention God’s name over it, when you unleash it. And fear God. Indeed, God is swift at the reckoning’.

ٱلْيَوْمَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ ٱلطَّيِّبَـٰتُ ۖ وَطَعَامُ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ حِلٌّ لَّكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَّهُمْ ۖ وَٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتُ مِنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتِ وَٱلْمُحْصَنَـٰتُ مِنَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ إِذَآ ءَاتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَـٰفِحِينَ وَلَا مُتَّخِذِىٓ أَخْدَانٍ ۗ وَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِٱلْإِيمَـٰنِ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُۥ وَهُوَ فِى ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ مِنَ ٱلْخَـٰسِرِينَ ۵

{ اليوم أحل لكم الطيبت } المستلذات { وطعام الذين أوتوا الكتب } أي ذبائح اليهود والنصارى { حل } حلال { لكم وطعامكم } إياهم { حل لهم والمحصنت من المؤمنت والمحصنت } الحرائر { من الذين أوتوا الكتب من قبلكم } حل لكم أن تنكحوهن { إذا ءاتيتموهن } مهورهن { محصنين } متزوجين { غير مسفحين } معلنين بالزنا بهن { ولا متخذى أخدان } منهن تسرون بالزنا بهن { ومن يكفر بالإيمن } أي يرتد { فقد حبط عمله } الصالح قبل ذلك فلا يعتد به ولا يثاب عليه { وهو فى الأخرة من الخسرين } إذا مات عليه.

Today the good, the delicious, things are permitted to you, and the food of those who were given the Scripture, that is, animals slaughtered by the Jews and Christians, is permitted to you, and permitted to them is your food. Likewise, the believing, free, married women, and the married women of those who were given the Scripture before you, are permitted to you for marriage, if you give them their wages, their dowries, in wedlock, in marriage, and not illicitly, fornicating overtly with them, or taking them as lovers, so as to fornicate with them secretly. Whoever disbelieves in faith, that is, [whose] apostatises, his, prior good, work has indeed failed, and so it counts for nothing and he will not be rewarded for it, and in the Hereafter he shall be among the losers, if he dies in this state [of unbelief].

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ فَٱغْسِلُوا۟ وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى ٱلْمَرَافِقِ وَٱمْسَحُوا۟ بِرُءُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى ٱلْكَعْبَيْنِ ۚ وَإِن كُنتُمْ جُنُبًا فَٱطَّهَّرُوا۟ ۚ وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرْضَىٰٓ أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَآءَ أَحَدٌ مِّنكُم مِّنَ ٱلْغَآئِطِ أَوْ لَـٰمَسْتُمُ ٱلنِّسَآءَ فَلَمْ تَجِدُوا۟ مَآءً فَتَيَمَّمُوا۟ صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَٱمْسَحُوا۟ بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُم مِّنْهُ ۚ مَا يُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ لِيَجْعَلَ عَلَيْكُم مِّنْ حَرَجٍ وَلَـٰكِن يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهِّرَكُمْ وَلِيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُۥ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ ۶

{ يأيها الذين ءامنوا إذا قمتم } أي أردتم القيام { إلى الصلوة } وأنتم محدثون { فاغسلوا وجوهكم وأيديكم إلى المرافق } أي معها كما بينته السنة { وامسحوا برءوسكم } الباء للالصاق أي ألصقوا المسح بها من غير إسالة ماء وهو اسم جنس فيكفي أقل ما يصدق عليه وهو مسح بعض شعره وعليه الشافعي، { وأرجلكم } بالنصب عطفا على (أيديكم) وبالجر على الجوار { إلى الكعبين } أي معهما كما بينته السنة وهما العظمان النائتان في كل رجل عند مفصل الساق والقدم والفصل بين الأيدي والأرجل المغسولة بالرأس الممسوح يفيد وجوب الترتيب في طهارة هذه الأعضاء وعليه الشافعي ويؤخذ من السنة وجوب النية فيه كغيره من العبادات { وإن كنتم جنبا فاطهروا } فاغتسلوا { وإن كنتم مرضى } مرضا يضره الماء { أو على سفر } أي مسافرين { أو جاء أحد منكم من الغائط } أي أحدث { أو لمستم النساء } سبق مثله في آية (النساء) [43:4] { فلم تجدوا ماء } بعد طلبه { فتيمموا } اقصدوا { صعيدا طيبا } ترابا طاهرا { فامسحوا بوجوهكم وأيديكم } مع المرفقين { منه } بضربتين، والباء للالصاق، وبينت السنة أن المراد استيعاب العضوين بالمسح { ما يريد الله ليجعل عليكم من حرج } ضيق بما فرض عليكم من الوضوء والغسل والتيمم { ولكن يريد ليطهركم } من الأحداث والذنوب { وليتم نعمته عليكم } بالإسلام ببيان شرائع الدين { لعلكم تشكرون } نعمه.

O you who believe, when you stand up, that is, when you intend to go, to pray, and you are in [a state of] ritual impurity, wash your faces, and your hands up to the elbows, that is, including them [the elbows], as is clarified in the Sunna; and wipe your heads (the bā’ in bi-ru’ūsikum is for ‘adherence’), that is to say, wipe over [the head] adhering [the hand] closely, without [excessive] water pouring over; the noun [ra’s, ‘head’] is generic, and so the minimum required to fulfil [the stipulation] is acceptable, which is the wiping of some of the hair, as al-Shāfi‘ī asserts); and your feet (read wa-arjulakum in the accusative as a supplement to aydīyakum; or wa-arjulikum in the genitive because of its adjacency to [the genitive] bi-ru’ūsikum), up to the ankles, that is, including them [the ankles], as is clarified in the Sunna, and they are the two protruding bones at the juncture of the legs and the feet. The interposing of the wiping of the head between [the mention of] the hands and the feet, which are washed, is intended to show the requirement of [a specific] order during the purification of these limbs, as al-Shāfi‘ī asserts. In addition, the requirement of making intention (niyya) in this [ablution], as in the other rituals of worship, is taken from the Sunna. If you are defiled, purify, wash, yourselves; but if you are sick, with an illness made worse by water, or on a journey, travelling, or if any of you comes from the privy, that is, [if] he has defecated, or you have touched women (as mentioned already in the verse in [sūrat] al-Nisā’ [Q. 4:43]), and you cannot find water, having made the effort to look for it, then head for, seek, wholesome dust, that is, clean earth, and wipe your faces and your hands, including the elbows, with it, using two strikes (the bā’ of bi-wujūhikum, ‘your faces’, denotes ‘adherence’; it is explained in the Sunna that the requirement here is for the wiping to encompass the whole of these two parts. God does not desire to make any hardship for you, any constraint, in the obligations He has imposed on you with regard to ablution, washing and purification with dust; but He desires to purify you, of filth and sins, and that He may perfect His grace upon you, through Islam, by explaining the laws of the religion; so that you might give thanks, for His graces.

وَٱذْكُرُوا۟ نِعْمَةَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَمِيثَـٰقَهُ ٱلَّذِى وَاثَقَكُم بِهِۦٓ إِذْ قُلْتُمْ سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا ۖ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلِيمٌۢ بِذَاتِ ٱلصُّدُورِ ۷

{ واذكروا نعمت الله عليكم } بالإسلام { وميثقه } عهده { الذى واثقكم به } عاهدكم عليه { إذ قلتم } للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم حين بايعتموه { سمعنا وأطعنا } في كل ما تأمر به وتنهى [عنه] مما نحب ونكره { واتقوا الله } في ميثاقه أن تنقضوه { إن الله عليم بذات الصدور } بما في القلوب فبغيره أولى.

And remember God’s grace upon you, through Islam, and His covenant, His pledge, which He made, He bound, with you when you said, to the Prophet (s) upon pledging allegiance to him: ‘We hear and we obey’, all that you command and forbid, of what we love and what we despise. And fear God, in His covenant, lest you break it. Surely God knows what is in the breasts, that is, what is in the hearts [of people], all the more reason for [Him to have knowledge of] other things.

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ كُونُوا۟ قَوَّٰمِينَ لِلَّهِ شُهَدَآءَ بِٱلْقِسْطِ ۖ وَلَا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَـَٔانُ قَوْمٍ عَلَىٰٓ أَلَّا تَعْدِلُوا۟ ۚ ٱعْدِلُوا۟ هُوَ أَقْرَبُ لِلتَّقْوَىٰ ۖ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ خَبِيرٌۢ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ ۸

{ يأيها الذين ءامنوا كونوا قوامين } قائمين { لله } بحقوقه { شهداء بالقسط } بالعدل { ولا يجرمنكم } يحملنكم { شنئان } بغض { قوم } أي الكفار { على ألا تعدلوا } فتنالوا منهم لعداوتهم { اعدلوا } في العدو والولي { هو } أي العدل { أقرب للتقوى واتقوا الله إن الله خبير بما تعملون } فيجازيكم به.

O you who believe, be upright before God, in [fulfilling] what is His due, witnesses in equity, in justice. Let not hatred of a people, namely, the disbelievers, cause you not to be just, and to harm them on account of their enmity; be just, towards both friend and foe, that, justice, is nearer to God-fearing. And fear God; surely God is aware of what you do, and will requite you for it.

وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّـٰلِحَـٰتِ ۙ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ ۹

{ وعد الله الذين ءامنوا وعملوا الصلحت } وعدا حسنا { لهم مغفرة وأجر عظيم } هو الجنة.

God has promised those who believe and perform righteous deeds, an excellent promise: they shall have forgiveness and a great wage, that is, Paradise.

وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَكَذَّبُوا۟ بِـَٔايَـٰتِنَآ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ أَصْحَـٰبُ ٱلْجَحِيمِ ۱۰

{ والذين كفروا وكذبوا بئايتنا أولئك أصحب الجحيم }.

And they who disbelieve and deny Our signs — they shall be the inhabitants of Hell-fire.

يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱذْكُرُوا۟ نِعْمَتَ ٱللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِذْ هَمَّ قَوْمٌ أَن يَبْسُطُوٓا۟ إِلَيْكُمْ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَكَفَّ أَيْدِيَهُمْ عَنكُمْ ۖ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۚ وَعَلَى ٱللَّهِ فَلْيَتَوَكَّلِ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ ۱۱

{ يأيها الذين ءامنوا اذكروا نعمت الله عليكم إذ هم قوم } هم قريش { أن يبسطوا } يمدوا { إليكم أيديهم } ليفتكوا بكم { فكف أيديهم عنكم } وعصمكم مما أرادوا بكم { واتقوا الله وعلى الله فليتوكل المؤمنون }.

O you who believe, remember God’s favour upon you, when a people, namely, Quraysh, purposed to extend their hands against you, in order to attack you, but He restrained their hands from you, and protected you from what they intended to do to you; and fear God; and in God let the believers put their trust.

وَلَقَدْ أَخَذَ ٱللَّهُ مِيثَـٰقَ بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ وَبَعَثْنَا مِنْهُمُ ٱثْنَىْ عَشَرَ نَقِيبًا ۖ وَقَالَ ٱللَّهُ إِنِّى مَعَكُمْ ۖ لَئِنْ أَقَمْتُمُ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَءَاتَيْتُمُ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَءَامَنتُم بِرُسُلِى وَعَزَّرْتُمُوهُمْ وَأَقْرَضْتُمُ ٱللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا لَّأُكَفِّرَنَّ عَنكُمْ سَيِّـَٔاتِكُمْ وَلَأُدْخِلَنَّكُمْ جَنَّـٰتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ ۚ فَمَن كَفَرَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ مِنكُمْ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ سَوَآءَ ٱلسَّبِيلِ ۱۲

{ ولقد أخذ الله ميثق بنى إسرءيل } بما يذكر بعد { وبعثنا } فيه التفات عن الغيبة أقمنا { منهم اثنى عشر نقيبا } من كل سبط نقيب يكون كفيلا على قومه بالوفاء بالعهد توثقة عليهم { وقال } لهم { الله إنى معكم } بالعون والنصرة { لئن } لام قسم { أقمتم الصلوة وءاتيتم الزكوة وءامنتم برسلي وعزرتموهم } نصرتموهم { وأقرضتم الله قرضا حسنا } بالإنفاق في سبيله { لأكفرن عنكم سيئاتكم ولأدخلنكم جنت تجرى من تحتها الأنهر فمن كفر بعد ذلك } الميثاق { منكم فقد ضل سواء السبيل } أخطأ طريق الحق، و(السواء) في الأصل (الوسط) فنقضوا الميثاق.

God had made a covenant with the Children of Israel, for what will be mentioned shortly, and We raised up (there is a shift of address away from the third [to the first] person) from among them twelve leaders, from each tribe one leader, to be responsible for his people’s fulfilment of the covenant, as a way of binding them [to it]. And God said, to them: ‘I am with you, helping and assisting. Surely if (la-in, the lām is for oaths) you establish the prayer, and pay the alms, and believe in My messengers and succour them, help them, and lend to God a goodly loan, by expending in His way, I will absolve you of your evil deeds, and I will admit you to gardens underneath which rivers flow. So whoever of you disbelieves after that, covenant, surely he has strayed from the right way’, he has erred from the path to Paradise (al-sawā’ originally means ‘the middle way’). And they broke the covenant.