03What is owed
Qaḍā’ — making up the day
Owed by the traveller, the temporarily ill, the menstruating woman, and one who broke the fast deliberately. Made up any time before the next Ramaḍān; consecutive days are not required.
Fidyah — feeding instead
For one who cannot fast and never will: the very old, and the chronically ill. Feed one poor person for each day missed. No qaḍā’ is owed.
Q 2:184; Bukhārī · the ruling of Ibn ‘Abbāsـؓ
Kaffārah — the expiation
Owed for intercourse during a day of Ramaḍān. Ḥ, S and Ḥb: in strict order, each only if the one before is beyond reach; M: a choice among the three, feeding preferred:
1 Free a slave.
2 Fast sixty consecutive days.
3 Feed sixty poor people.
The day itself is also made up. Ḥ and M extend kaffārah to deliberate eating and drinking; S and Ḥb confine it to intercourse.
Bukhārī, Muslim · ṣaḥīḥ — the ḥadīth of the man who came saying “I am ruined.”