Brother, father, owner: a case shown with a long vowel
Family words, and three nouns that show their case with a long vowel before what follows them.
Written and checked by AI
These lessons were written and checked by AI, and no teacher of Arabic has read them yet. The verses, their meanings and the analysis of every word are taken from their sources, which are named where they are shown.
- Words of the Qur’ān known whole
- 59.6%
- Parts of the Qur’ān’s words taught so far
- 75.6%
Counted from the Quranic Arabic Corpus: a word is known whole when every part of it has been taught. The counts say which words you have met, not how much you understand.
Most nouns show their case with a short vowel at the end. A few short nouns show it with a long one when they are joined to what follows. This lesson teaches three of them, with five more words for people.
The new words
- أَخAs the Qur’ān writes it: أَخَا · أَخِي · إِخْوَٰنِ
brother
Root: ا خ وTimes in the Qur’ān: 75
- أَبٌAs the Qur’ān writes it: أَبِي · أَبَا · أَبَتِ
father
Root: ا ب وTimes in the Qur’ān: 46
- ذُوAs the Qur’ān writes it: ذُو · ذِى · ذَاتِ
owner of, having
Times in the Qur’ān: 93
- آبَاءAs the Qur’ān writes it: ءَابَآؤُ · ءَابَآءَ · ءَابَآئِ
fathers, forefathers
Root: ا ب وTimes in the Qur’ān: 64
- ٱبْنAs the Qur’ān writes it: ٱبْنَ · أَبْنَآءَ · ٱبْنُ
son
Root: ب ن يTimes in the Qur’ān: 63
- زَوْجAs the Qur’ān writes it: أَزْوَٰجِ · أَزْوَٰجًا · أَزْوَٰجَ
spouse, one of a pair
Root: ز و جTimes in the Qur’ān: 76
- نِسَآءAs the Qur’ān writes it: نِّسَآءِ · نِسَآءَ · نِّسَآءَ
women
Root: ن س وTimes in the Qur’ān: 59
- إِنسَٰنAs the Qur’ān writes it: إِنسَٰنُ · إِنسَٰنَ · إِنسَٰنِ
human being
Root: ا ن سTimes in the Qur’ān: 71
u, a, i made long
Akh, "brother", and ab, "father", take a long vowel at the end when a word or a pronoun follows, and dhū, "owner of", when a word follows: ū in the nominative, ā in the accusative, ī in the genitive. With -ī, "my", there is no such ending: it takes the ending's place, as lesson 14 showed in abī, so akhī serves in every case.
- وَand
- أَخُوbrother
- هُhim, his; it, its
Wa-akhūhu is wa, then akhū, then hu, "his". The corpus marks akhū nominative.
- أَخَاbrother
Akhā, and the corpus marks it accusative. The word after it is the second noun of an iḍāfah, as lesson 8 taught.
- أَخِيbrother
- هِhim, his; it, its
Akhīhi is akhī and hi. The corpus marks akhī genitive; after ī, the pronoun hu is said hi, as lesson 12 taught.
- أَبِىfather
Abī, the same ending on ab: the corpus marks it genitive. Here ī is the ending and not "my": the corpus shows no pronoun on it. The word after it is the second noun of the iḍāfah.
Dhū
Dhū does not stand alone: it is the first noun of an iḍāfah, and says that someone or something has what follows it.
- ذُوowner of, having
Dhū, nominative.
- ذَا
Dhā, accusative. The corpus gives this form a lemma of its own, dhā, and does not count it under dhū.
- ذِىowner of, having
Dhī, genitive, and the corpus gives it the lemma dhū again. In all three the ending follows the case, as it does on akh and ab.
In a sentence
Three sentences written for practice show the same noun in three cases.
Your brother is in the house.
Akhūka: nominative, the subject of the sentence.
I saw your brother.
Akhāka: accusative, the one seen.
I went with your brother.
Akhīka: genitive, after maʿa.
More words for people
Ābāʾ, abnāʾ and azwāj are broken plurals, the kind lesson 9 explained.
- وَand
- ءَابَآؤُfathers, forefathers
- كُمyou, your (more than two)
Wa-ābāʾukum is wa, then ābāʾu, then kum, "your". Ābāʾ is taught as a word of its own, because the corpus gives it a lemma of its own beside ab, and marks it masculine plural.
- أَبْنَآءَson
- هُمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Abnāʾahum is abnāʾa and hum, "their". The corpus gives it the lemma ibn, "son", and marks it masculine plural.
- أَزْوَٰجًاspouse, one of a pair
Azwājan: the corpus gives it the lemma zawj, and marks it masculine plural.
- ٱلthe
- نِّسَآءَwomen
An-nisāʾa is al- and nisāʾ. The corpus marks it feminine plural. It has no singular from the same root.
- ٱلْthe
- إِنسَٰنُhuman being
Al-insānu is al- and insān, and the corpus marks it masculine, nominative.
Reading
The words you know whole after this lesson are marked.
This is how We deal with the wicked,
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20bring that [soul] back, if you are truthful?
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20Let man reflect on what he was created from.
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20Recall
- Which long vowel does akh take in the accusative?
- What is the first noun of an iḍāfah that says someone has something?
- What lemma does the corpus give abnāʾ?
Answers: ā, akhā; dhū; ibn.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight nouns of the world around us, and how a noun is made definite.
Word analysis: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)