The forms of a verb, the passive, and eight more verbs
Eight more common verbs, the passive, and the derived forms of a verb as the corpus marks them.
Written and checked by AI
These lessons were written and checked by AI, and no teacher of Arabic has read them yet. The verses, their meanings and the analysis of every word are taken from their sources, which are named where they are shown.
- Words of the Qur’ān known whole
- 51.7%
- Parts of the Qur’ān’s words taught so far
- 70.7%
Counted from the Quranic Arabic Corpus: a word is known whole when every part of it has been taught. The counts say which words you have met, not how much you understand.
A root can make more than one verb. Arabic builds them on a few patterns, which grammars written in English call forms and number I to X. The corpus marks each verb's form. This lesson teaches eight verbs, several of them in forms other than the first, and the passive.
The new words
- ٱتَّخَذَAs the Qur’ān writes it: ٱتَّخَذُ · ٱتَّخَذَ · تَتَّخِذُ
take for oneself, adopt (ittakhadha: he took)
Root: ا خ ذTimes in the Qur’ān: 124
- ظَلَمَAs the Qur’ān writes it: ظَلَمُ · يَظْلِمُ · يُظْلَمُ
wrong, do wrong (ẓalama: he wronged)
Root: ظ ل مTimes in the Qur’ān: 110
- كَذَّبَAs the Qur’ān writes it: كَذَّبُ · تُكَذِّبَ · كَذَّبَ
No meaning is given here: this word carries the religion, and its meaning is read in the verses, with the meaning beside them.
Root: ك ذ بTimes in the Qur’ān: 176
- أَخْرَجَAs the Qur’ān writes it: أَخْرَجَ · يُخْرِجُ · أَخْرَجْ
bring out (akhraja: he brought out)
Root: خ ر جTimes in the Qur’ān: 99
- قَتَلَAs the Qur’ān writes it: تَقْتُلُ · يَقْتُلُ · ٱقْتُلُ
kill (qatala: he killed)
Root: ق ت لTimes in the Qur’ān: 83
- رَجَعَAs the Qur’ān writes it: تُرْجَعُ · يَرْجِعُ · يُرْجَعُ
return, go back (rajaʿa: he returned)
Root: ر ج عTimes in the Qur’ān: 79
- وَعَدَAs the Qur’ān writes it: وَعَدَ · تُوعَدُ · يُوعَدُ
promise (waʿada: he promised)
Root: و ع دTimes in the Qur’ān: 70
- تَوَلَّىٰAs the Qur’ān writes it: تَوَلَّ · تَوَلَّىٰ · يَتَوَلَّ
turn away (tawallā: he turned away)
Root: و ل يTimes in the Qur’ān: 78
One of them, kadhdhaba, carries the religion in the Qur’ān's use of it: the course gives no meaning of its own for it, and you read it in the verses, with the edition's meaning beside them.
Forms of a verb
- فَso, then, and so
- كَذَّبَ
Kadhdhaba doubles the middle letter of its root, k-dh-b. The corpus marks it as form II.
- وَand
- أَخْرَجَbring out (akhraja: he brought out)
Akhraja, "brought out", puts a- in front of the root kh-r-j. The corpus marks it as form IV, the form of arāda from the last lesson.
- وَand
- تَوَلَّىٰٓturn away (tawallā: he turned away)
Tawallā, "turned away", has ta- in front and a doubled middle letter. The corpus marks it as form V.
- ٱتَّخَذَtake for oneself, adopt (ittakhadha: he took)
Ittakhadha, "took for himself", has i- in front and a t after the first letter of the root. Its root is ʾ-kh-dh, and here the first letter, the hamzah, has itself become t, so the t is doubled: it-takhadha. The corpus marks it as form VIII, the form of ittabaʿa, "followed", from lesson 11.
The next stage of the course is about these forms. For now, it is enough to see that the corpus names them, and that the root stays the same.
The passive
A verb in the passive says what was done, and not who did it. In the past form it has u and then i: qatala, "killed", becomes qutila, "was killed".
- قُتِلَkill (qatala: he killed)
The corpus marks qutila passive. "Was killed" is what the form says, word for word; what the verse says is read in the edition's meaning, not from these words.
A command
- ٱرْجِعِreturn, go back (rajaʿa: he returned)
- ىٓ
Irjiʿī is the command of rajaʿa, "return", said to a woman: ī at the end, as in lesson 11.
In a sentence
The boy went back to the house.
This sentence was written for practice. Rajaʿa l-waladu ilā l-bayti: "the boy went back to the house", with ilā from lesson 3.
Reading
The words you know whole after this lesson are marked.
Have you seen the one who turned away [from Islam],
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20rather he denied and turned away,
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20who denied and turned away.
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20Recall
- Which form doubles the middle letter of the root?
- How does the passive past differ from the active?
- Which form is ittakhadha?
Answers: form II, and form V with ta- in front; it has u and then i, as qutila; form VIII.
Next
The next lesson teaches eight common nouns, and the dual and broken plural on them.
Word analysis: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)