The pronouns that join the end of a word
The seven commonest pronouns the Qur’ān writes as part of a word, after a verb, a noun or a small word: they, you, he, we, I and she.
Written and checked by AI
These lessons were written and checked by AI, and no teacher of Arabic has read them yet. The verses, their meanings and the analysis of every word are taken from their sources, which are named where they are shown.
- Words of the Qur’ān known whole
- 3.5%
- Parts of the Qur’ān’s words taught so far
- 39.6%
Counted from the Quranic Arabic Corpus: a word is known whole when every part of it has been taught. The counts say which words you have met, not how much you understand.
The last lesson's words join the front of a word. This lesson's join its end. They are pronouns, the words for "they", "you", "he", "we", "I" and "she", and the Qur’ān writes them as part of the word before them.
Two of them, "they" and "you" for more than one, are among the five commonest parts of the Qur’ān's words, and "he" is among the ten commonest. With the last lesson's words, they are much of what holds a sentence together.
The new words
- وا۟As the Qur’ān writes it: وا۟ · ونَ · هُمْ
they (as the doer of a verb); them, their
Times in the Qur’ān: 7366
- كُمْAs the Qur’ān writes it: كُمْ · وا۟ · ونَ
you, your (more than two)
Times in the Qur’ān: 4645
- هُۥAs the Qur’ān writes it: هُۥ · هُ · هِ
him, his; it, its
Times in the Qur’ān: 2727
- نَاAs the Qur’ān writes it: نَا · نَٰ · نَآ
we (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Times in the Qur’ān: 2347
- كَAs the Qur’ān writes it: كَ · تَ · تَّ
you, your (one man)
Times in the Qur’ān: 1300
- ىAs the Qur’ān writes it: ى · تُ · نِى
me, my; I (as the doer of a verb)
Times in the Qur’ān: 1239
- هَاAs the Qur’ān writes it: هَا · هَآ
her; it, its (for a word that is feminine)
Times in the Qur’ān: 1062
The corpus names each pronoun by three things: its person (the speaker, the one spoken to, or someone else), its gender and its number, in that order. "3MP" is third person, masculine, plural: "they", "them", "their". The table shows the ways the Qur’ān writes each one: a pronoun can take one shape when it is the one who does a verb's action, and another when the action is done to it or when it follows a noun.
Joined to a verb
A pronoun joined to a verb can be the one who does the action, or the one it is done to.
- أَعْطَيْ
- نَٰwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
- كَyou, your (one man)
This one word has three parts: a verb, aʿṭā, then nā, "we", the ones who give, and then ka, "you", the one given to. In Arabic a whole sentence can be one written word.
- ٱهْدِ
- نَاwe (as the doer of a verb); us, our
Here nā is joined to a verb in the imperative, the form that tells or asks someone to do something, and it is the one the action is done to: "us".
Joined to a small word
A pronoun can also join the small words of the next lesson, the words for "in", "on" and "to".
- فِيin, about
- هِhim, his; it, its
Fīhi is fī, "in", and hi, "it": "in it". The corpus calls this pronoun third person, masculine, singular, the same pronoun as "his" and "him".
- عَلَيْon, upon, over, against
- هِمْthey (as the doer of a verb); them, their
ʿAlayhim is ʿalā, "on", and him, "them". This pronoun is written hum or him by the sound before it; both are the same pronoun.
Joined to a noun
Joined to a noun, a pronoun says whose it is: "his", "our", "my".
Our house is near.
This sentence was written for practice. Baytunā is bayt, "house", and nā, "our".
Reading
The words you know whole after this lesson are marked.
Rather, to Allah belongs the Hereafter and this world.
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20So prostrate to Allah and worship [Him].
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20Recall
- In the word aʿṭaynāka, which part is "we" and which is "you"?
- What does "3MP" stand for?
- In fīhi, what is hi?
Answers: nā is "we" and ka is "you"; third person, masculine, plural; the pronoun "it" (third person, masculine, singular), joined to fī.
Next
The next lesson teaches the small words of place and direction: "from", "in", "on", "to" and "about".
Word analysis: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)