Ṭā’, ẓā’, ʿayn and ghayn
Two letters with a loop and an upright stroke, and two whose shape changes most with their place in a word.
Written and checked by AI
These lessons were written and checked by AI, and no teacher of Arabic has read them yet. The verses, their meanings and the analysis of every word are taken from their sources, which are named where they are shown.
This lesson teaches two more pairs. Again, in each pair the second letter is the first with a dot above.
The letters
- ṭā’Transliteration by rule: ṭط
- طAlone
- طAt the start
- طIn the middle
- طAt the end
- ẓā’Transliteration by rule: ẓظ
- ظAlone
- ظAt the start
- ظIn the middle
- ظAt the end
- ʿaynTransliteration by rule: ‘ع
- عAlone
- عAt the start
- عIn the middle
- عAt the end
- ghaynTransliteration by rule: ghغ
- غAlone
- غAt the start
- غIn the middle
- غAt the end
Ṭā’ and ẓā’
Ṭā’ is the loop of ṣād with an upright stroke rising from it. Ẓā’ is the same with one dot above. Unlike ṣād, they have no bowl at the end of a word: their shape hardly changes with their place.
Ṭā’ is not tā’, and ẓā’ is neither zāy nor dhāl. The transliteration writes them with a dot under the letter, ṭ and ẓ.
ʿAyn and ghayn
ʿAyn and ghayn change shape more than any letter so far. Alone, they have a small open curve at the top and a deep curve below the line. At the start of a word only the small open curve is drawn. In the middle of a word the curve closes into a small solid triangle or loop, and at the end of a word that closed head is drawn with the deep curve beneath it.
Ghayn is ʿayn with one dot above. The transliteration writes ʿayn as a small raised mark, ‘, and ghayn as gh.
In the Qur’ān
The last verse of al-Fātiḥah has ṭā’, ʿayn and ghayn. Find ʿayn at the start of a word, and again in the middle of one.
The letters and signs this lesson names are picked out in the verse.
the path of those whom You have blessed[1]; not of those who incurred Your Wrath[2], or of those who went astray[3].
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20- ٱalif waṣlah
- لْlām+ sukūn
- مَmīm+ fatḥah
- غْghayn+ sukūn
- ضُḍād+ ḍammah
- وwāw
- بِbā’+ kasrah
Ẓā’ is the rarest of these four. Here it is in the middle of a word.
The letters and signs this lesson names are picked out in the verse.
for a momentous Day,
English Translation - Rowwad Translation Center · QuranEnc.com · version 1.0.20- عَʿayn+ fatḥah
- ظِẓā’+ kasrah
- يyā’
- مٍmīm+ kasratān
Recall
- How is ṭā’ different from ṣād?
- What does ʿayn look like in the middle of a word?
- Which letter is ʿayn with a dot above?
Answers: ṭā’ has an upright stroke and no bowl at the end of a word; a small closed curve; ghayn.
Next
The next lesson teaches fā’, qāf, kāf and lām.
Word analysis: Quranic Arabic Corpus 0.4 (Kais Dukes)