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Explained ḥadīths

Order him to speak, seek the shade, sit down, and complete his fast

عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما ، قال: بينما النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يخطب إذا هو برجل قائم فسأل عنه، فقالوا: أبو إسرائيل نذر أن يقوم في الشمس ولا يقعد، ولا يستظل؛ ولا يتكلم، ويصوم، فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : «مروه، فليتكلم، وليستظل، وليقعد، وليتم صومه».
Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: While the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was delivering a sermon, he saw a man who was standing. He asked about him and was told: "This is Abu Isrā’īl. He made a vow to stand in the sun and not sit down, to avoid the shade, to keep silent, and to fast." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Order him to speak, seek the shade, sit down, and complete his fast."
Narrated by BukhariGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation

This Companion made a vow not to talk, eat, or drink while he would stand in the sun without seeking shade. This is torture of the self and is quite hard on it. It is an unlawful vow; therefore, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade him from doing so. Nevertheless, he ordered him to complete his fast because fasting is a permissible act of worship and thus he was obliged to fulfill his vow of fasting. Consequently, whoever makes a vow to do a permissible act of worship must fulfill it, whereas one is not obliged to fulfill their vow in case it involves an impermissible act of worship.

Reference

رياض الصالحين، للنووي، نشر: دار ابن كثير للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع، دمشق – بيروت، تحقيق: ماهر ياسين الفحل، الطبعة: الأولى، 1428هـ - 2007م. الجامع المسند الصحيح (صحيح البخاري), تأليف: محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري, تحقيق: محمد زهير بن ناصر الناصر, دار طوق النجاة ترقيم محمد فؤاد عبدالباقي, ط 1422 لسان العرب، لابن منظور. دار صادر - بيروت. الطبعة الأولى. بهجة الناظرين شرح رياض الصالحين، للهلالي، نشر: دار ابن الجوزي. نزهة المتقين شرح رياض الصالحين، نشر: مؤسسة الرسالة، الطبعة: الرابعة عشر، 1407ه 1987م. تطريز رياض الصالحين لفيصل بن عبد العزيز المبارك النجدي, تحقيق: عبد العزيز آل حمد, دار العاصمة , الطبعة: الأولى، 1423 هـ

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