عن أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه قال: كنَّا مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في السفر فمنَّا الصائم، وَمِنَّا المُفطر، قال: فنزلنا مَنْزِلًا فِي يوم حارٍّ، وأكثرنا ظِلًّا صاحب الْكِسَاءِ، وَمِنَّا من يَتَّقِي الشمس بيده، قال: فَسقط الصُّوَّامُ، وقام المُفْطِرُونَ فَضربوا الْأَبْنِيَةِ، وَسَقَوْا الرِّكَاب، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : "ذهب المُفْطِرُونَ اليوم بالأجر".
Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We were with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on a journey, and some of us were fasting and others were not. We stopped to rest in some place on a hot day. The one who had the largest share of shade among us was the one who had a garment. Some of us would shade themselves against the sun using their own hands. Those who were fasting fell to the ground, but those who were not fasting got up to pitch the tents and water the animals. Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Those who were not fasting today have taken all the reward."
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
The Companions of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) were with him during one of his journeys, and some of them were fasting, while others were not.
The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) approved of the action of both parties.
On a hot day, they stopped in some place so as to have a rest from the hardship of travel and the scorching heat of noon time. Those who were fasting fell to the ground due to the heat and thirst, and were unable to do any work. Meanwhile, those who were not fasting pitched the tents, watered the camels, and served their fasting brothers. When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) saw this service that they provided the army with, he encouraged them and said: "Those who were not fasting today have taken all the reward.”
Reference
تأسيس الأحكام للنجمي، ط2، دار علماء السلف، 1414هـ.
تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام للبسام، حققه وعلق عليه وخرج أحاديثه وصنع فهارسه: محمد صبحي بن حسن حلاق، ط10، مكتبة الصحابة، الأمارات - مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، 1426 هـ.
تنبيه الأفهام شرح عمدة لأحكام لابن عثيمين، ط1، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، 1426هـ.
عمدة الأحكام من كلام خير الأنام -صلى الله عليه وسلم- لعبد الغني المقدسي، دراسة وتحقيق: محمود الأرناؤوط، مراجعة وتقديم: عبد القادر الأرناؤوط، ط2، دار الثقافة العربية، دمشق ، بيروت، مؤسسة قرطبة، 1408 هـ.
صحيح البخاري، تحقيق: محمد زهير بن ناصر الناصر، ط1، دار طوق النجاة (مصورة عن السلطانية بإضافة ترقيم: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي)، 1422هـ.
صحيح مسلم، تحقيق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت، 1423 هـ.
عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُما قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي سَفَرٍ، فَرَأَى زِحَامًا وَرَجُلًا قَدْ ظُلِّلَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «مَا هَذَا؟»، فَقَالُوا: صَائِمٌ، فَقَالَ: «لَيْسَ مِنَ البِرِّ الصَّوْمُ فِي السَّفَرِ»، وَفِي لَفْظٍ لِمُسلِمٍ: «عَلَيْكُمْ بِرُخْصَةِ اللهِ الَّذِي رَخَّصَ لَكُمْ».
Jābir ibn ‘Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was on a journey and saw a crowd of people, and a man was being shaded (by them). He asked: "What is the matter with that (man)?" They said: He is fasting. Thereupon, he said: "It is not from righteousness to fast while traveling." In another version by Muslim, he said: "Take advantage of the concession that Allah has granted you."
Agreed uponGradeAuthentic
Explanation
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was on a journey and saw a man over whom people had gathered, shading him from the heat of the sun and his intense thirst. The Prophet (ﷺ) asked: What is the matter with him? They said: He is fasting. He said: It is not an act of righteousness to fast while traveling. You should accept Allah's concession that He has granted you.
Benefits
- Highlighting the ease of the Islamic Shariah.
- It is permissible to fast while traveling, and it is also permissible to take the concession by breaking the fast.
- Fasting while traveling is disliked if it causes hardship, unless it reaches the point of endangering one's life, in which case it becomes forbidden.
- An-Nawawi said: It is not from righteousness to fast while traveling—meaning: when it causes hardship or harm. The context of the Hadīth indicates this interpretation.
- The Prophet's care and concern for his Companions, and his inquiry about their conditions.
Reference
صحيح البخاري (3/ 34) (1946).
صحيح مسلم (2/ 786) (1115).
تيسير العلام، للبسام (ص327).
تنبيه الأفهام شرح عمدة الإحكام، لابن عثيمين (3/ 433).
عن أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ رضي الله عنه قال: «خَرَجْنَا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في شهر رمضان، في حَرٍّ شَدِيدٍ ، حتى إن كان أَحَدُنَا لَيَضَعُ يَدَهُ على رأسهِ من شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ. وما فِينَا صائمٌ إلا رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وعبد ُالله بن رَوَاحَةَ».
Abu Ad-Dardā' (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We set out during the month of Ramadan with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in such intense heat that one of us would place his hand over his head (to protect himself) against the excessive heat, and none of us was fasting except the Messenger of Allah and ‘Abdullāh ibn Rawahah."
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
Abu Ad-Dardā' (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that they set out on a journey during the month of Ramadan, and the weather was extremely hot that they would put their hands on their heads to protect them from the heat. None of them was fasting except the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and ‘Abdullāh ibn Rawahah al-Ansāri (may Allah be pleased with him). They both were able to fast and endure severity of the weather, and this is a proof that it is permissible for the Muslim to fast when traveling even with hardship or difficulty that does not lead to one's death.
Reference
عمدة الأحكام، تأليف: عبد الغني بن عبد الواحد المقدسي، تحقيق: محمود الأرناؤوط، دار الثقافة العربية ومؤسسة قرطبة، الطبعة الثانية، 1408هـ.
تيسير العلام، تأليف: عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن البسام، تحقيق محمد صبحي بن حسن حلاق، مكتبة الصحابة ومكتبة التابعين، الطبعة العاشرة، 1426 هـ.
تأسيس الأحكام شرح عمدة الأحكام، تأليف: أحمد بن يحي النجمي: نسخة إلكترونية لا يوجد بها بيانات نشر.
تنبيه الأفهام شرح عمدة الإحكام، تأليف: محمد بن صالح العثيمين، مكتبة الصحابة ومكتبة التابعين، الطبعة الأولى: 1426هـ.
صحيح البخاري ، تأليف: محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري ، تحقيق: محمد زهير الناصر، الناشر: دار طوق النجاة الطبعة: الأولى، 1422هـ
صحيح مسلم ، تأليف: مسلم بن الحجاج النيسابوري، تحقيق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، الناشر: دار إحياء التراث العربي – بيروت.