عن أبي مسعود عُقبة بن عَمْرو الأنصاري البَدْري رضي الله عنه مرفوعاً: «إن الشمس والقمر آيتان من آيات الله، يُخَوِّفُ الله بهما عباده، وإنهما لا يَنْخَسِفَان لموت أحد من الناس، فإذا رأيتم منها شيئا فَصَلُّوا، وَادْعُوا حتى ينكشف ما بكم»
Abu Mas‘ūd, ‘Uqbah ibn ‘Amr al-Ansāri al-Badri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The sun and the moon are two of the signs of Allah, by which Allah frightens His slaves. They do not eclipse on account of the death of anyone. So, when there is an eclipse, observe prayer and supplication till it (the eclipse) is over.”
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) clarified that the sun and the moon are among the signs of Allah, the Almighty, that demonstrate His power and wisdom. He added that whenever their normal system experiences some change, this has nothing to do with the birth or death of great figures, as the people of the pre-Islamic period of ignorance used to believe. Earthly events have no effect upon them.
This only aims at frightening the slaves of Allah, the Almighty, and reminding them of their sins and the due punishment, so that they turn to their Lord in repentance and ask for His forgiveness.
For this reason, the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) instructed them to rush to prayer and supplication till such a situation ends and the sun or moon brightens. Indeed, the universe abounds with many divine secrets and hidden aspects of the wise planning.
Reference
تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام للبسام، حققه وعلق عليه وخرج أحاديثه وصنع فهارسه: محمد صبحي بن حسن حلاق، ط10، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات - مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، 1426 هـ
تنبيه الأفهام شرح عمدة لأحكام لابن عثيمين، ط1، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، 1426ه
عمدة الأحكام من كلام خير الأنام صلى الله عليه وسلم لعبد الغني المقدسي، دراسة وتحقيق: محمود الأرناؤوط، مراجعة وتقديم: عبد القادر الأرناؤوط، ط2، دار الثقافة العربية، دمشق ، بيروت، مؤسسة قرطبة، 1408 ه
صحيح البخاري، تحقيق: محمد زهير بن ناصر الناصر، ط1، دار طوق النجاة (مصورة عن السلطانية بإضافة ترقيم: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي)، 1422ه.
صحيح مسلم، تحقيق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت، 1423 هـ.
عن أبي موسى الأشعري رضي الله عنه قال: خَسَفَت الشمس على زمان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم . فقام فَزِعًا، ويخشى أن تكون الساعة، حتى أتى المسجد، فقام، فصلى بأطول قيام وسجود، ما رأيته يفعله في صلاته قطُّ، ثم قال: إن هذه الآيات التي يُرْسِلُهَا الله عز وجل : لا تكون لموت أحد ولا لحياته، ولكن الله يُرْسِلُهَا يُخَوِّفُ بها عباده، فإذا رأيتم منها شيئا فَافْزَعُوا إلى ذكر الله و دُعَائِهِ وَاسْتِغْفَارِهِ.
Abu Mūsa al-Ash‘ari (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The sun eclipsed during the time of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). He stood in great anxiety fearing that it might be the Doomsday, till he came to the mosque. He stood up to pray with prolonged standing and prostration such as I never saw him doing in prayer; and then he said: "These are the signs which Allah sends, not on account of the death of anyone or life of any one, but Allah sends them to frighten His servants thereby. So when you see any such thing, hasten to remember Him, supplicate Him, and beg pardon from Him."
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
When the sunlight vanished, or partially disappeared, during the Prophet's lifetime, he stood up in panic, as his complete knowledge of his Lord made him constantly fearful and watchful, given the misguidance and transgression of most people on earth or the possible imminence of Doomsday. So, he entered the mosque and led people in the Eclipse Prayer, prolonging the standing and prostration in a way not seen before, a sign of repentance and pursuit of forgiveness from Allah, the Almighty. Having finished his earnest supplication, the Prophet turned to people, exhorting them and explaining that Allah sends these signs to His servants as a lesson, a reminder, and a means of intimidation, so that they may hasten to remember their Lord, invoke Him, and engage in prayer.
Reference
الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام، لإسماعيل الأنصاري، ط1، دار الفكر، دمشق، 1381هـ.
تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام للبسام، حققه وعلق عليه وخرج أحاديثه وصنع فهارسه: محمد صبحي بن حسن حلاق، ط10، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات - مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، 1426هـ.
تنبيه الأفهام شرح عمدة الأحكام، لابن عثيمين، ط1، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، 1426هـ.
عمدة الأحكام من كلام خير الأنام صلى الله عليه وسلم، لعبد الغني المقدسي، دراسة وتحقيق: محمود الأرناؤوط، مراجعة وتقديم: عبد القادر الأرناؤوط، ط2، دار الثقافة العربية، دمشق ، بيروت، مؤسسة قرطبة، 1408 هـ.
صحيح البخاري، تحقيق: محمد زهير بن ناصر الناصر، ط1، دار طوق النجاة (مصورة عن السلطانية بإضافة ترقيم: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي)، 1422هـ.
صحيح مسلم، تحقيق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت، 1423هـ.
الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، صادر عن: وزارة الأوقاف والشئون الإسلامية، الكويت، الطبعة: (من 1404 - 1427 هـ).
عن عائشة رضي الله عنها «أن الشمس خَسَفَتْ على عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فبعث مُناديا ينادي: الصلاة جامعة، فاجْتَمَعوا، وتقَدَّم، فكَبَّر وصلَّى أربعَ ركعات في ركعتين، وأربعَ سجَدَات».
‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that A solar eclipse occurred during the Prophet's lifetime and he sent someone to summon people for a congregational prayer. They gathered and he came forward and began the prayer by making Takbīr. He bowed four times and prostrated four times in two Rak‘ahs.
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
An eclipse of the sun occurred during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), so he sent a caller through the streets and markets to call people to pray and invoke Allah, Blessed and Exalted, to forgive them, have mercy on them, and maintain His apparent and hidden blessings upon them. They gathered in his mosque, and he stepped forward to his place where he leads them in prayer. He led them in a prayer that was different from that they were accustomed to due to the occurrence of an extraordinary universal sign. There was no Iqāmah. He began the prayer by saying Takbīr and performed two Rak‘ahs each containing two bows and two prostrations.
Reference
تيسير العلام، للبسام، الناشر: مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، الطبعة العاشرة، 1426هـ - 2006 م.
تنبيه الأفهام، للعثيمين، طبعة مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى 1426.
الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام، لإسماعيل الأنصاري، طبعة دار الفكر، دمشق، الأولى 1381.
صحيح البخاري، لأبي عبد الله محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري، تحقيق: محمد زهير بن ناصر الناصر، الناشر: دار طوق النجاة، الطبعة الأولى 1422هـ.
صحيح مسلم، لمسلم بن الحجاج النيسابوري، المحقق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، الناشر: دار إحياء التراث العربي – بيروت.
تأسيس الأحكام، لأحمد بن يحيى النجمي، دار المنهاج، القاهرة، مصر، الطبعة الأولى.
عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت: « خَسَفَتِ الشمس على عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فصَلَّى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بالناس. فأطال القيام، ثم ركع، فأطال الركوع، ثم قام، فأطال القيام -وهو دون القيام الأول- ثم ركع، فأطال الركوع -وهو دون الركوع الأول- ثم رفع فأطال القيام -وهو دون القيام الأول- ثم سجد، فأطال السجود، ثم فعل في الركعة الأخرى مثل ما فَعَل في الرَّكعة الأولى، ثم انصرف، وقد تَجَلَّتْ الشمس، فخَطَب الناس، فحَمِد الله وأَثْنَى عليه، ثُمَّ قال: إِنَّ الشَّمس والقمَر آيَتَان مِن آيات الله، لا ينْخَسِفَانِ لموت أحد ولا لِحَيَاته، فَإِذا رَأَيتُم ذلك فَادْعُوا اللَّه وكَبِّرُوا ، وصَلُّوا وتَصَدَّقُوا.
ثم قال: يا أُمَّة مُحمَّد، واللهِ ما من أحد أغْيَرُ من الله أن يَزْنِيَ عبده أو تَزْنِيَ أَمَتُهُ. يا أُمَّةَ محمد، والله لو تعلمون ما أعلم لَضَحِكْتُمْ قليلا ولَبَكَيْتم كثيرا». وفي لفظ: «فاسْتَكَمَل أَرْبَع رَكَعَاتٍ وَأَرْبَع سَجَدَاتٍ».
‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: During the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) the sun eclipsed, so he led the people in prayer. He stood for a long time and then bowed for a long time. He stood again for a long time, but this time the period of standing was shorter than the first time. He then bowed again for a long time, but it was shorter than the first time, and then he prostrated and prolonged the prostration. He did the same in the second Rak‘ah and then finished the prayer. By that time, the sun had appeared. He delivered a sermon to the people and, after praising and glorifying Allah, he said: "The sun and the moon are two of the signs of Allah; they do not eclipse on the death or life of anyone. So when you see that, supplicate to Allah, say Takbīr, pray, and give charity." Then he said: "O followers of Muhammad, by Allah! No one gets more jealously protective than Allah when His male or female servant commits adultery. O followers of Muhammad, by Allah! If you knew what I know, you would laugh a little and weep a lot."
The wording of another narration reads: "He completed bowing four times and four prostrations."
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
The sun eclipsed during the lifetime of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him). As that was something unfamiliar to the people, he led them in a prayer that was also unfamiliar in its appearance and its manner. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) stood for a long time, bowed for a long time, and then he raised his back up and his recitation was long, but not as long as his first recitation. Then he bowed again, but this time it was shorter than the first time and then he prostrated and prolonged the prostration. He repeated the same thing in the second Rak‘ah, even though it was a little shorter. Every pillar of the prayer was shorter than what preceded it, until he completed bowing four times and performed four prostrations in two Rak‘ahs. Then he finished the prayer, and by that time the sun had appeared again. He delivered a sermon to the people, as he usually would on special occasions. He started by praising Allah and glorifying Him. It happened that the day on which the eclipse occurred was the same day as his son Ibrahīm died. So some of the people said: “The sun eclipsed because Ibrahīm died”, as in the pre-Islamic era they had thought that the sun only eclipsed due to the death or birth of a great person. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) intended to remove such superstitions from their minds and benefit the people through his advice and sincerity in conveying his message, as those beliefs were not based upon authentic textual proofs or sound logic. He wanted to clarify the wisdom behind the eclipse of the sun and the moon, so he said during his sermon: “The sun and the moon are two of the signs of Allah; they do not eclipse on the death or life of anyone”, rather Allah, the Almighty, makes these things occur by His omnipotence to scare His Servants and remind them of His blessings. So if you see an eclipse, turn to Allah, the Almighty, in repentance, supplicate to Him, say Takbīr, pray, and give charity, as such acts can repel anticipated affliction and descending punishment. he then started to explain in detail some of the grave major sins, such as fornication, that cause corruption in society and morals, and necessitate the Wrath and punishment of Allah. He, swore in this sermon, and he is the truthful one, saying: “O followers of Muhammad, by Allah! No one gets more jealously protective than Allah when His male or female servant commits adultery.” The Prophet explained that they knew only a little about the punishment of Allah, and if they knew what he knew, they would be obsessed by fear, they would only laugh a little and cry a lot, and they would be filled with grief. However, Allah has concealed this from them, out of His wisdom.
Reference
تيسير العلام، للبسام، الناشر: مكتبة الصحابة، الأمارات، مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، الطبعة العاشرة، 1426هـ - 2006م.
تنبيه الأفهام، للعثيمين، طبعة مكتبة الصحابة، الامارات، مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، الطبعة الأولى 1426هـ.
الإفهام في شرح عمدة الأحكام، عبد العزيز بن باز، اعتناء سعيد بن علي بن وهف القحطاني، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى 1435هـ.
الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام، لإسماعيل الأنصاري، طبعة دار الفكر، دمشق، الأولى 1381.
خلاصة الكلام، فيصل المبارك الحريملي، الطبعة: الثانية، 1412 هـ - 1992 م.
صحيح البخاري، لأبي عبد الله محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري، تحقيق محمد زهير بن ناصر الناصر، الناشر: دار طوق النجاة -الطبعة : الأولى 1422هـ.
صحيح مسلم، المحقق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، الناشر: دار إحياء التراث العربي – بيروت.
تأسيس الأحكام، لأحمد بن يحيى النجمي، دار المنهاج، القاهرة، مصر، الطبعة الأولى.
فتح الباري شرح صحيح البخاري، لأحمد بن حجر، الناشر: دار المعرفة - بيروت، 1379-رقم كتبه وأبوابه وأحاديثه: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي- قام بإخراجه وصححه وأشرف على طبعه: محب الدين الخطيب-عليه تعليقات عبد العزيز بن عبد الله بن باز.
الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، وزارة الأوقاف والشئون الإسلامية، الكويت، الطبعة: (من 1404 - 1427 هـ).