عن جابر بن عبد الله رضي الله عنهما «أنَّ عمر بن الخَطَاب رضي الله عنه جاء يَومَ الخَندَقِ بَعدَ مَا غَرَبَت الشَّمسُ فَجَعَل يَسُبُّ كُفَّار قُرَيشٍ، وقال: يا رسول الله، مَا كِدتُّ أُصَلِّي العَصرَ حَتَّى كَادَت الشَّمسُ تَغرُبُ، فَقَال النَبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم : والله مَا صَلَّيتُهَا، قال: فَقُمنَا إلَى بُطحَان، فَتَوَضَّأ للصَّلاَة، وتَوَضَأنَا لَهَا، فَصَلَّى العَصر بعد مَا غَرَبَت الشَّمسُ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بعدَها المَغرِب».
Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb came cursing the disbelievers of Quraysh after the sun had set on the Day of the Trench, and he said: "O Messenger of Allah, I could not offer the ‘Asr prayer till the sun had set." The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "By Allah! I have not yet prayed it either." So we went to But-hān, and he performed ablution and so did we, and then he offered the ‘Asr prayer after the sun had set and then followed it with the Maghrib prayer.
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on the Day of the battle of the Trench after the sun had set, and he was cursing the disbelievers of Quraysh, because they had distracted him from offering the ‘Asr prayer, and he could not pray it until after the sun had set. So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) swore by Allah, and he is the truthful, that he too had not yet prayed it, in order to calm ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) because it was hard for him.
Then the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) got up and performed ablution, and the Companions did so too, and then he offered the ‘Asr prayer after the sun had set, followed by the Maghrib prayer.
Reference
الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام، إسماعيل بن محمد الأنصاري، دار الفكر، دمشق، الطبعة: الأولى، 1381هـ.
تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام، عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن البسام، تحقيق: محمد صبحي حلاق، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، الطبعة: العاشرة، 1426هـ.
تنبيه الأفهام شرح عمدة الأحكام، محمد بن صالح العثيمين، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، الطبعة: الأولى، 1426هـ.
عمدة الأحكام من كلام خير الأنام صلى الله عليه وسلم، لعبد الغني المقدسي، دراسة وتحقيق: محمود الأرناؤوط، مراجعة وتقديم: عبد القادر الأرناؤوط، دار الثقافة العربية، دمشق، بيروت، مؤسسة قرطبة، الطبعة: الثانية، 1408هـ.
صحيح البخاري، محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري الجعفي، تحقيق: محمد زهير الناصر، دار طوق النجاة (مصورة عن السلطانية بإضافة ترقيم: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي)، الطبعة: الأولى، 1422هـ.
صحيح مسلم، مسلم بن الحجاج القشيري النيسابوري، تحقيق محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت، الطبعة: 1423هـ.
This ḥadīth at HadeethEnc.comعن عبد الله بن عُمر رضي الله عنهما قال: «صحبت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فكان لا يزيد في السَّفَر على ركعتين، وأبا بكر وعُمر وعُثْمان كذلك».
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I accompanied the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on his journeys, and he would not perform more than two Rak‘ahs. Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, and ‘Uthmān used to do the same.
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) mentioned that he accompanied the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on his journeys and that he accompanied Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, and ‘Uthmān (may Allah be pleased with them) in their travels as well, and all of them used to shorten the four-Rak‘ah prayers into two and never exceeded this number of Rak‘ahs. In other words, they never offered four Rak‘ahs in the obligatory prayers and never performed the supererogatory prayers while on a journey. He mentioned Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, and ‘Uthmān to prove that this ruling was not abrogated – rather, it was applied after the death of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) – and that there is no preponderant objection to that ruling.
It is permissible to not shorten the prayer on a journey; however, shortening is preferable, for Allah, the Almighty, says: {When you are on a journey, it is no sin to shorten your prayers.} [Sūrat An-Nisā': 101]
The negation of sin here implies that this is a concession and not the original ruling, which is praying the four Rak‘ahs.
It is preferable for the traveler to act upon that concession and shorten the prayer in order to comply with the Sunnah of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and avoid the relevant difference in opinion among the scholars, as some of them considered it obligatory, and because it is the opinion preferred by the majority of the scholars.
Reference
تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام، عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن البسام، تحقيق: محمد صبحي حلاق، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، الطبعة: العاشرة 1426هـ.
تنبيه الأفهام شرح عمدة الأحكام، محمد بن صالح العثيمين، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، الطبعة: الأولى 1426هـ.
الإفهام في شرح عمدة الأحكام لابن باز، تحقيق: سعيد القحطاني، مؤسسة عبد العزيز بن باز الخيرية، الرياض، الطبعة: الأولى 1435هـ.
الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام، إسماعيل بن محمد الأنصاري، دار الفكر، دمشق، الطبعة: الأولى 1381هـ.
خلاصة الكلام شرح عمدة الأحكام، فيصل بن عبد العزيز المبارك، الطبعة: الثانية 1412هـ، 1992م.
صحيح البخاري، محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري الجعفي، تحقيق: محمد زهير الناصر، دار طوق النجاة (مصورة عن السلطانية بإضافة ترقيم: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي)، الطبعة: الأولى 1422هـ.
صحيح مسلم، مسلم بن الحجاج القشيري النيسابوري، تحقيق محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت، الطبعة: 1423هـ.
This ḥadīth at HadeethEnc.comعن عَبْد اللَّهِ بْن عَبَّاس رضي الله عنهما قال: «كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يَجْمعُ في السَّفَر بين صلاة الظهر والعصر؛ إذا كان على ظَهْرِ سَيْرٍ، ويجمع بين المغرب والعشاء».
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was on a journey, he used to combine the Zhuhr and ‘Asr prayers, as long as he was continuing with his journey, and also used to combine the Maghrib and ‘Ishā' prayers.
Narrated by BukhariGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
The Shariah of our Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) is distinguished from the other divinely-revealed religions by its tolerance, ease, and the removal or alleviation of all aspects of difficulty and hardships from those competent for religious duties. One of the alleviating aspects is the combining of two prayers that occur within the same range of time. In principle, these prayers should be prayed each in their own specified time. However, it was the custom of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) when he went on a journey to combine the Zhuhr and ‘Asr prayers, either praying them in the time of the Zhuhr prayer or in the time of the ‘Asr prayer. He would also combine the Maghrib and ‘Ishā' prayers, either praying them during the time of the Maghrib prayer or the time of the ‘Ishā' prayer. He would take into consideration what was easier for him and the people who were accompanying him on his journey. So his journey was a reason for combining the prayers during the time of one of them, because the time becomes the time for both prayers. Travel involves a lot of hardship, either in stopping or in proceeding with the journey, so the concession of combining the prayers was only legislated to make matters easy during travel.
Reference
تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام، عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن البسام، تحقيق: محمد صبحي حلاق، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، الطبعة العاشرة، 1426هـ - 2006م.
تنبيه الأفهام شرح عمدة الأحكام، محمد بن صالح العثيمين، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، الطبعة الأولى، 1426هـ - 2005م.
الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام، إسماعيل بن محمد الأنصاري، دار الفكر، دمشق، الطبعة الأولى، 1381هـ.
تأسيس الأحكام، أحمد بن يحيى النجمي، دار المنهاج، الطبعة الأولى.
صحيح البخاري، محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري الجعفي، تحقيق: محمد زهير الناصر، دار طوق النجاة (مصورة عن السلطانية بإضافة ترقيم: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي)، الطبعة الأولى، 1422هـ.
صحيح مسلم، مسلم بن الحجاج القشيري النيسابوري، تحقيق محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت، الطبعة: 1423هـ.
This ḥadīth at HadeethEnc.comعن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت: صلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في بيته وهو شَاكٍ، صلى جالسا، وصلى وراءه قوم قِيَامًا، فأشار إليهم: أنِ اجْلِسُوا، لما انْصَرَفَ قال: إنما جُعِلَ الإمامُ لِيُؤْتَمَّ به: فإذا ركع فاركعوا، وإذا رفع فارفعوا، وإذا قال: سمع الله لمن حمده فقولوا: ربنا لك الحمد، وإذا صلى جالسا فصلوا جلوسا أجمعون».
‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prayed in his house during his illness. He prayed while sitting and the people prayed behind him while standing. He pointed to them to sit down. When he had finished the prayer, he said: "Verily, the Imām is appointed in order to be followed. So when he bows, you should bow, and when he raises his head, you should do the same. And if he says: 'Allah hears the one who praises Him,' you should say: 'Our Lord, all praise is due to You.' And if the Imām prays while sitting, you all should pray while sitting as well."
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
This Hadīth contains a description of how the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prayed during his illness. It also explains how the congregation should follow the Imām and imitate him. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) guided the congregation to the wisdom behind appointing the Imām, which is that he should be followed and imitated in order for people to not act differently from his actions during the prayer. Rather, the movements of the Imām are to be followed in the same order. So if the Imām says the Takbīr of Ihrām, then all of the congregation should do this after him, and if he goes into the bowing position, then all of the congregation should bow after him as well. If the Imām reminds you that Allah answers those who praise Him by saying: "Allah hears the one who praises Him," then you should all praise him by saying: "Our Lord, all praise is due to You". Then when he prostrates, all of you should follow him in prostration, and if the Imām prays while sitting because of his inability to stand, then to manifest complete imitation, you should all pray while sitting, even if you are all able to stand. ‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) mentioned that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) felt ill, and he prayed while sitting down for that reason. The companions thought that they should stand up because they had the ability to stand, so they prayed while standing behind him. But the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) pointed to them that they should sit down. After the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) finished the prayer, he informed them that people should not act contrary to the Imām and that he should be followed in order to manifest complete imitation and perfect emulation. The congregation should pray while sitting down, even if they have the ability to stand, because their Imām is sitting down due to his inability to stand. If the Imām starts the prayer with them while sitting, then they should all sit, acting upon this Hadīth. However, if the Imām starts the prayer while standing and then becomes sick or ill during the prayer and needs to sit down, then it become obligatory for the congregation to complete the prayer while standing. This is proven by the Hadīth which describes the prayer where the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) led Abu Bakr and the people when he was experiencing his final illness.
Reference
تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام، عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن البسام، تحقيق: محمد صبحي حلاق، مكتبة الصحابة، الأمارات، مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، الطبعة: العاشرة 1426هـ.
الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام، إسماعيل بن محمد الأنصاري، دار الفكر، دمشق، الطبعة: الأولى 1381هـ.
عمدة الأحكام من كلام خير الأنام -صلى الله عليه وسلم- لعبد الغني المقدسي، دراسة وتحقيق: محمود الأرناؤوط، مراجعة وتقديم: عبد القادر الأرناؤوط، دار الثقافة العربية، دمشق، بيروت، مؤسسة قرطبة، الطبعة: الثانية 1408هـ.
منحة العلام في شرح بلوغ المرام، عبد الله صالح الفوزان، دار ابن الجوزي، الطبعة: الأولى 1428هـ.
صحيح البخاري، محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري الجعفي، تحقيق: محمد زهير الناصر، دار طوق النجاة (مصورة عن السلطانية بإضافة ترقيم: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي)، الطبعة: الأولى 1422هـ.
صحيح مسلم، مسلم بن الحجاج القشيري النيسابوري، تحقيق محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت، الطبعة: 1423هـ.
This ḥadīth at HadeethEnc.comعن عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنهما قال: «جَمَع النبيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بين المغرب والعشاء بِـجَمْع، لِكُلِّ واحدة منهما إقامة، ولم يُسَبِّحْ بينهما، ولا على إثْرِ واحدةٍ مِنْهُمَا».
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) combined the Maghrib and the ‘Ishā' prayers (at Muzdalifah) with one Iqāmah. He did not offer any voluntary prayers in between or after either of them.
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
When the sun set on the Day of ‘Arafah, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) proceeded to Muzdalifah, where he prayed the Maghrib and the ‘Ishā' prayers, combining them at the time of the ‘Ishā', with one Iqāmah for each prayer, and he did not perform any voluntary prayers between them. he did that in order to have the meaning of combining the prayer fully realized. He did not pray any voluntary prayers after them so that he could take a good portion of rest and be ready for the rituals which he had to perform on the next day.
Reference
تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام، عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن البسام، تحقيق: محمد صبحي حلاق، مكتبة الصحابة، الأمارات، مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، الطبعة: العاشرة 1426هـ، 2006م.
تنبيه الأفهام شرح عمدة الأحكام، محمد بن صالح العثيمين، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، الطبعة: الأولى 1426هـ، 2005م.
صحيح البخاري، محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري الجعفي، تحقيق: محمد زهير الناصر، دار طوق النجاة (مصورة عن السلطانية بإضافة ترقيم: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي)، الطبعة: الأولى 1422هـ.
صحيح مسلم، مسلم بن الحجاج القشيري النيسابوري، تحقيق محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت، الطبعة: 1423هـ.
تأسيس الأحكام، أحمد بن يحيى النجمي، دار المنهاج، الطبعة: 1427هـ.
الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، وزارة الأوقاف والشئون الإسلامية، الكويت، الطبعة: (من 1404- 1427هـ)، الأجزاء (1- 23) الطبعة الثانية، دار السلاسل، الكويت، الأجزاء (24- 38) الطبعة الأولى، مطابع دار الصفوة، مصر، الأجزاء (39 - 45) الطبعة الثانية، طبع الوزارة.
This ḥadīth at HadeethEnc.comعن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما ، قال: «جمع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بين المغرب والعشاء بجمع: صلى المغرب ثلاثاً، والعشاء ركعتين، بإقامة واحدة».
Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) combined the Maghrib and Ishā' prayers. He prayed three Rak‘ahs for Maghrib then two Rak‘ahs for Ishā' with one Iqāmah.
Narrated by MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
The Hadīth shows the way the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) combined between the prayers one night when he was at Al-Muzdalifah after his return from ‘Arafah. He combined Maghrib prayer with Ishā' prayer and shortened the latter to two Rak‘ahs only with one Adhān for both and one Iqāmah for each.
Reference
صحيح مسلم، المحقق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، الناشر: دار إحياء التراث العربي – بيروت.
تسهيل الإلمام بفقه الأحاديث من بلوغ المرام، شرحه الشيخ د. صالح بن فوزان الفوزان، اعتنى بإخراجه: عبد السلام السليمان، ط 1، 1427هـ- 2006م.
إحكام الأحكام شرح عمدة الأحكام، المؤلف: تقي الدين أبو الفتح محمد بن علي القشيري، المعروف بابن دقيق العيد، المحقق: مصطفى شيخ مصطفى و مدثر سندس، الناشر: مؤسسة الرسالة، الطبعة الأولى 1426هـ - 2005م.
This ḥadīth at HadeethEnc.comعن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت: رأيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصلِّي متربِّعًا.
‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: I saw the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) praying while sitting cross-legged.
An-Nasaa’iGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
"Sitting cross-legged" means to place the sole of the right foot under the left thigh and the sole of the left foot under the right thigh, and sit on the buttocks. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) did this when he fell off his horse and his ankle was dislocated.
So if the praying person is unable to stand in the obligatory prayer, it is recommended that he prays while sitting cross-legged, and this is in case he is sitting instead of standing. As for the sitting between the two prostrations and his sitting during the Tashahhud, it is recommended that he sits in the posture of Iftirāsh (placing the left foot on its side and sitting on it; and keeping the right foot vertical while resting on the bottom of the toes turning them towards the Qiblah) in the first Tashahhud and the posture of Tawarruk (sitting with the left posterior on the ground; the right foot placed vertically with the toes pointing towards the Qiblah; and the left foot on its side emerging from under the right foot) in the second Tashahhud.
All of these postures are recommended. So, if one sits in a posture other than the ones mentioned above, it will be sufficient for him since what is required is to sit during the Tashahhud, and these postures are a level higher than the obligation.
Reference
السنن الكبرى، تأليف: أحمد بن شعيب النسائي، تحقيق: حسن عبد المنعم شلبي، الناشر: مؤسسة الرسالة، الطبعة: الأولى، 1421 هـ
أصل صفة صلاة النبي تأليف : محمد ناصر الدين الألباني، الناشر: مكتبة المعارف للنشر والتوزيع – الرياض الطبعة: الأولى 1427 هـ - 2006 م
سبل السلام شرح بلوغ المرام، تأليف : محمد بن إسماعيل بن صلاح الصنعاني، الناشر: دار الحديث الطبعة: بدون طبعة وبدون تاريخ
توضيح الأحكام مِن بلوغ المرام، تأليف: عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن بن صالح البسام، الناشر: مكتبة الأسدي، مكة المكرّمة الطبعة: الخامِسَة، 1423 هـ - 2003 م
تسهيل الإلمام بفقه الأحاديث من بلوغ المرام، تأليف: صالح بن فوزان بن عبد الله الفوزان، الطبعة: الأولى، 1427 ه _ 2006 م
This ḥadīth at HadeethEnc.comعن عمران بن حصين رضي الله عنه قال: كَانَتْ بِي بَوَاسِيرُ، فَسَأَلْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ، فَقَالَ: «صَلِّ قَائِمًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَقَاعِدًا، فَإِنْ لَمْ تَسْتَطِعْ فَعَلَى جَنْبٍ».
‘Imrān ibn Husayn (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I was suffering from hemorrhoids (piles); so I asked the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) about the prayer and he said: "Pray while standing; if you cannot, then while sitting; and if you cannot, then while lying on your side."
Narrated by Al-BukhāriGradeAuthentic
Explanation
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) pointed out that the main rule is to pray while standing, except when one is unable to do so, in which case he can pray while sitting, and if he cannot, he can pray while lying on his side.
Benefits
- Prayer does not cease to be due as long as a person retains his sanity. He may move from one condition to another according to his capacity.
- The Hadīth shows the leniency and ease of Islam, as it allows a person to perform worship in accordance with his ability.
Reference
صحيح البخاري (2/ 48) (1117).
توضيح الأحكام من بلوغ المرام، لعبدالله البسام (2/ 322).
منحة العلام في شرح بلوغ المرام، لعبد الله الفوزان (3/ 202).
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