Prophet's Battles and Expeditions

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with both of them) reports that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sent them on a detachment to Najd and they seized many camels and sheep as spoils of war. Each of them received twelve camels and the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) gave each of them an extra camel in addition to his share.

عمدة الأحكام من كلام خير الأنام صلى الله عليه وسلم، لعبد الغني المقدسي، دراسة وتحقيق: محمود الأرناؤوط، مراجعة وتقديم: عبد القادر الأرناؤوط، ط2، دار الثقافة العربية، دمشق، بيروت، مؤسسة قرطبة، 1408هـ. صحيح البخاري، تحقيق: محمد زهير بن ناصر الناصر، ط1، دار طوق النجاة (مصورة عن السلطانية بإضافة ترقيم: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي)، 1422هـ. صحيح مسلم، تحقيق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت، 1423هـ. تأسيس الأحكام، للنجمي، ط2، دار علماء السلف، 1414هـ. تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام، للبسام، حققه وعلق عليه وخرج أحاديثه وصنع فهارسه: محمد صبحي بن حسن حلاق، ط10، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات - مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، 1426هـ.

‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that he was presented to the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in order to join the battle (as a way of presenting the soldiers to the leader). This took place during the Battle of Uhud in the third year after Hijrah. As he was fourteen years old, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) refused to allow him to participate due to his young age. Later on, he was presented to him in the year of the battle of Al-Khandaq. This was in the fifth year after Hijrah, and he was fifteen years old. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) enlisted him in the forces. Perhaps on the Day of Uhud, ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar had recently turned fourteen years old, while on the Day of Al-Khandaq, he was nearly sixteen years old.

- صحيح البخاري، محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري الجعفي، تحقيق: محمد زهير الناصر، دار طوق النجاة (مصورة عن السلطانية بإضافة ترقيم: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي)، الطبعة: الأولى 1422هـ. - صحيح مسلم، مسلم بن الحجاج القشيري النيسابوري، تحقيق محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت، الطبعة: 1423هـ. - تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام، عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن البسام، تحقيق: محمد صبحي حلاق، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، الطبعة: العاشرة 1426هـ. - تأسيس الأحكام، أحمد بن يحيى النجمي، دار المنهاج، الطبعة: 1427هـ. - مرقاة المفاتيح، علي بن سلطان القاري، دار الفكر، بيروت، لبنان، الطبعة: الأولى 1422هـ، 2002م.

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) went to Makkah in the sixth Hijri year, along with many of his Companions, to perform ‘Umrah. The Quraysh disbelievers went out to fight him and bar him from the House of Allah, but, a treaty was concluded between the two sides. As stipulated by the treaty, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and his Companions had to return home that year and come back to Makkah the following year to perform ‘Umrah and stay there for three days. They came in the seventh year to perform ‘Umrah. Thereupon, the polytheists, gloating and giving vent to their feelings of revenge, said to one another: There will come to you people who are weakened and enfeebled by the fever of Madīnah. When this reached the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), he, seeking to rebut their statement and vex them, ordered his Companions to quicken their pace as they performed the Tawāf rounds, except between the Yemeni Corner and the Black Stone Corner, where they could walk normally. He did so out of mercy and pity for them and because the disbelievers, who climbed Mount Qu‘ayqi‘ān to see the Muslims as they performed Tawāf, would not be able see them when they were between the two Corners. Vexed, the disbelievers said: "Indeed, they are but like gazelles." Hence, this jogging became a Sunnah to be observed in Tawāf upon arrival in Makkah, in memory of the situation of our righteous predecessors. This is also to follow their footsteps in their praiseworthy stances, firm perseverance, and the glorious acts they did to support this religion and make the word of Allah superior. May Allah guide us all to follow their example and footsteps!

تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام للبسام، حققه وعلق عليه وخرج أحاديثه وصنع فهارسه: محمد صبحي بن حسن حلاق، ط10، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات - مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، 1426هـ. تنبيه الأفهام شرح عمدة لأحكام لابن عثيمين، ط1، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، 1426هـ. الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام لإسماعيل الأنصاري، ط1، دار الفكر، دمشق، 1381هـ. صحيح البخاري، تحقيق: محمد زهير بن ناصر الناصر، ط1، دار طوق النجاة (مصورة عن السلطانية بإضافة ترقيم: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي)، 1422هـ. صحيح مسلم، تحقيق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت.

Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man called ‘Umayr ibn al-Humām asked the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) during the Battle of Uhud: O Messenger of Allah, tell me: If I fought until I was killed (meaning, if I fought the polytheists and got killed during this battle), what would my final destination be? The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) replied that he would be in Paradise. Upon hearing that, the man threw down some dates that were in his hand and said: "It will be such a long life if I wait until I eat these dates." Then he went forward and fought until he was killed (may Allah be pleased with him).

- رياض الصالحين من كلام سيد المرسلين؛ للإمام أبي زكريا النووي، تحقيق د. ماهر الفحل، دار ابن كثير-دمشق، الطبعة الأولى، 1428ه. - نزهة المتقين شرح رياض الصالحين؛ تأليف د. مصطفى الخِن وغيره، مؤسسة الرسالة-بيروت، الطبعة الرابعة عشر، 1407هـ. - صحيح البخاري –الجامع الصحيح-؛ للإمام أبي عبد الله محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري، عناية محمد زهير الناصر، دار طوق النجاة، الطبعة الأولى، 1422هـ. - صحيح مسلم؛ للإمام مسلم بن الحجاج، حققه ورقمه محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار عالم الكتب-الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، 1417هـ - تطريز رياض الصالحين؛ تأليف فيصل آل مبارك، تحقيق د. عبد العزيز آل حمد، دار العاصمة-الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، 1423هـ. - فتح الباري لابن حجر العسقلاني، دار المعرفة، 1379.

The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informed the Companions that Muslims would win victory over the Jews of Khaybar the following day at the hands of a man to whom he would give the banner, which is the flag the army takes as its slogan. Among the traits of this man is that he loves Allah and His Messenger and Allah and His Messenger love him. So, the Companions spent their night conversing and talking about the one who would be given the banner, hoping to win that great honor. In the morning, they went to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), each wishing to be the one who would win that honor. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked about ‘Ali ibn Abi Tālib. It was said: He is sick suffering from sore eyes. So, he (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sent for him, and when they brought him, he spat his honorable saliva into ‘Ali's eyes and supplicated for him. ‘Ali thus recovered from his sickness as if he had suffered no pain at all. Then he gave him the banner and ordered him to proceed gently until approaching the enemy's fortress, and he should then invite them to Islam. In case they respond to him, he should inform them of what is obligatory upon them. Then, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) clarified to ‘Ali the merit of calling people to Allah and the fact that if the preacher succeeds in guiding one single person, that will be better for him than having red camels, which represent the Arabs' most precious property, to possess or give out in charity.

1. Superiority of ‘Ali ibn Abi Tālib (may Allah be pleased with him) and the Prophet's testimony for him that he is loved by Allah and His Messenger and that he loves Allah and His Messenger.
2. The Companions' keenness to pursue goodness and their competing in doing good deeds.
3. It is a Shariah directive to adhere to good manners in fight, and give up rashness and needless disturbing voices.
4. Foretelling victory over the Jews and healing the eyes of ‘Ali ibn Abi Tālib, by Allah's permission, are among the signs of the Prophet's prophethood.
5. Making people embrace Islam is the greatest purpose behind Jihad.
6. Preaching should be carried out gradually, so the disbeliever should be at first asked to embrace Islam by pronouncing the Two Testimonies of Faith, and then he should be commanded to perform the obligations of Islam.
7. The merit of calling to Islam and the good it entails for the one called and the caller, as the former might be granted guidance and the latter would be greatly rewarded.

صحيح البخاري (5/ 134) (4210). صحيح مسلم (4/ 1872) (2406). فتح المجيد شرح كتاب التوحيد، (ص88). القول المفيد على كتاب التوحيد، (1/ 134). الملخص في شرح كتاب التوحيد، (ص57). الجديد في شرح كتاب التوحيد، (ص67). التمهيد لشرح كتاب التوحيد، (ص59).

‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on the Day of the battle of the Trench after the sun had set, and he was cursing the disbelievers of Quraysh, because they had distracted him from offering the ‘Asr prayer, and he could not pray it until after the sun had set. So the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) swore by Allah, and he is the truthful, that he too had not yet prayed it, in order to calm ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) because it was hard for him. Then the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) got up and performed ablution, and the Companions did so too, and then he offered the ‘Asr prayer after the sun had set, followed by the Maghrib prayer.

الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام، إسماعيل بن محمد الأنصاري، دار الفكر، دمشق، الطبعة: الأولى، 1381هـ. تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام، عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن البسام، تحقيق: محمد صبحي حلاق، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، مكتبة التابعين، القاهرة، الطبعة: العاشرة، 1426هـ. تنبيه الأفهام شرح عمدة الأحكام، محمد بن صالح العثيمين، مكتبة الصحابة، الإمارات، الطبعة: الأولى، 1426هـ. عمدة الأحكام من كلام خير الأنام صلى الله عليه وسلم، لعبد الغني المقدسي، دراسة وتحقيق: محمود الأرناؤوط، مراجعة وتقديم: عبد القادر الأرناؤوط، دار الثقافة العربية، دمشق، بيروت، مؤسسة قرطبة، الطبعة: الثانية، 1408هـ. صحيح البخاري، محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري الجعفي، تحقيق: محمد زهير الناصر، دار طوق النجاة (مصورة عن السلطانية بإضافة ترقيم: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي)، الطبعة: الأولى، 1422هـ. صحيح مسلم، مسلم بن الحجاج القشيري النيسابوري، تحقيق محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار إحياء التراث العربي، بيروت، الطبعة: 1423هـ.

A man came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) wishing to fight in the cause of Allah with him. He was completely covered in an iron armor, but had not yet entered Islam. He said: "O Messenger of Allah, do I fight in the cause of Allah and then enter Islam, or enter Islam then fight in the cause of Allah?" he said to him: "Embrace Islam, then fight in the cause of Allah." So, the man embraced Islam, then fought in the cause of Allah until he was killed. Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He did a little but was greatly rewarded", i.e. he did a little and was rewarded a lot in relation to the period he lived as a Muslim, as the time between the man's embracing of Islam and his death was a short one, yet he was rewarded in abundance. That is because fighting in the cause of Allah, Exalted, in order to raise high His Word is one of the most virtuous deeds and most tremendous in reward.

- رياض الصالحين من كلام سيد المرسلين؛ للإمام أبي زكريا النووي، تحقيق د. ماهر الفحل، دار ابن كثير-دمشق، الطبعة الأولى، 1428ه. - صحيح البخاري -للإمام أبي عبد الله محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري، عناية محمد زهير الناصر، دار طوق النجاة، الطبعة الأولى، 1422هـ. - صحيح مسلم؛ للإمام مسلم بن الحجاج، حققه ورقمه محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار عالم الكتب-الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، 1417هـ. - بهجة الناظرين شرح رياض الصالحين؛ تأليف سليم بن عيد الهلالي،دارابن الجوزي- الطبعة الأولى1418ه. - نزهة المتقين شرح رياض الصالحين؛ تأليف د. مصطفى الخِن وغيره، مؤسسة الرسالة-بيروت، الطبعة الرابعة عشرة، 1407هـ. - شرح رياض الصالحين؛ للشيخ محمد بن صالح العثيمين، مدار الوطن، الرياض، 1426هـ. - كنوز رياض الصالحين»، لحمد بن ناصر العمار، دار كنوز إشبيليا- الطبعة الأولى1430ه. -شرح صحيح البخارى لابن بطال الأندلسي،تحقيق: أبو تميم ياسر بن إبراهيم مكتبة الرشد - السعودية، الرياض الطبعة: الثانية، 1423هـ - 2003م. -التَّنويرُ شَرْحُ الجَامِع الصَّغِيرِ محمد بن إسماعيل الصنعاني، المحقق: د. محمَّد إسحاق محمَّد إبراهيم مكتبة دار السلام، الرياض -الطبعة: الأولى، 1432 هـ - 2011 م.

Hadīth explanation: Abu Mūsa (may Allah be pleased with him) and some of his companions went on a military expedition with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him). They were six men and had only one camel that they would take turns riding it, until they reached their destination. Their feet got injured from walking for a long distance through the desert, to the extent that Abu Mūsa's toenails fell off. They did not have anything to cover their feet with because their sandals were torn on the way, so they were walking barefoot. Hence, their feet were terribly injured but they still kept walking to meet the enemy. They would wrap rags around their feet, which proves that their footwear was ruined from walking so far on a rugged terrain. This was one of the reasons for naming this expedition: the battle of Dhāt Ar-Riqā‘. Abu Mūsa reported this Hadīth but later regretted having mentioned it because he disliked to disclose any of his good deeds. This means that Abu Mūsa after mentioning this Hadīth wished that he had never mentioned it, because of what it implies of self praise, and because hiding good deeds from others is recommended, unless the benefit for revealing the deeds outweighs concealing it, such as if it is performed by someone who is an example for others. A relevant Hadīth in this regard reads: "So he concealed giving out charity so much that his left hand does not know what his right hand gives out." [Al-Bukhāri and Muslim]

كنوز رياض الصالحين، تأليف: حمد بن ناصر بن العمار، الناشر: دار كنوز أشبيليا، الطبعة الأولى، 1430هـ. بهجة الناظرين، تأليف: سليم بن عيد الهلالي، نسخة الكترونية، لا يوجد بها بيانات نشر. نزهة المتقين، تأليف: جمعٌ من المشايخ، الناشر: مؤسسة الرسالة، الطبعة الأولى، 1397ه. صحيح البخاري، تأليف: محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري، تحقيق: محمد زهير الناصر، الناشر: دار طوق النجاة الطبعة: الأولى، 1422هـ. صحيح مسلم، تأليف: مسلم بن الحجاج النيسابوري، تحقيق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي الناشر: دار إحياء التراث العربي – بيروت. فتح الباري شرح صحيح البخاري، تأليف: أحمد بن علي بن حجر، رقمه وبوب أحاديث: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، الناشر: دار المعرفة، بيروت، 1379هـ. رياض الصالحين، تأليف: محيي الدين يحيى بن شرف النووي، تحقيق: د. ماهر بن ياسين الفحل، الطبعة الأولى، 1428هـ. تطريز رياض الصالحين، تأليف فيصل آل مبارك، تحقيق د. عبد العزيز آل حمد، دار العاصمة، الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، 1423هـ. - دليل الفالحين لطرق رياض الصالحين، لمحمد بن علان الشافعي، تحقيق خليل مأمون شيحا، دار المعرفة، بيروت، الطبعة الرابعة، 1425ه.