عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رضي الله عنهما قَالَ: مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِقَبْرَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّهُمَا لَيُعَذَّبَانِ، وَمَا يُعَذَّبَانِ فِي كَبِيرٍ، أَمَّا أَحَدُهُمَا فَكَانَ لاَ يَسْتَتِرُ مِنَ البَوْلِ، وَأَمَّا الآخَرُ فَكَانَ يَمْشِي بِالنَّمِيمَةِ» ثُمَّ أَخَذَ جَرِيدَةً رَطْبَةً، فَشَقَّهَا نِصْفَيْنِ، فَغَرَزَ فِي كُلِّ قَبْرٍ وَاحِدَةً، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لِمَ فَعَلْتَ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: «لَعَلَّهُ يُخَفِّفُ عَنْهُمَا مَا لَمْ يَيْبَسَا».
Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) passed by two graves and said: "They are being tormented, but they are not tormented for a major sin. One of them would not save himself from being soiled with his urine, while the other used to walk about spreading malicious gossip." He then took a green leaf of a date palm, split it into two, and planted one on each grave. They said: O Messenger of Allah, why did you do that? He replied: "Their torment might be alleviated until they become dry."
Agreed uponGradeAuthentic
Explanation
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) passed by two graves and said: The two buried in these graves are being tormented but not for something that you would consider significant, although it is significant in the sight of Allah. One of them used to be heedless of keeping his body and clothes clean from the traces of urine when relieving himself, while the other used to spread slander among people, transferring others' talk with the intention of causing harm, dissension, and enmity among them.
Benefits
- Talebearing and heedlessness in shielding oneself from urine are major sins and a cause for punishment in the grave.
- Allah Almighty revealed part of the unseen, such as the torment of the grave, as a sign of his prophethood.
- The act of splitting the two date palm leaves and putting them on the grave is unique to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) because Allah informed him of the condition of the two buried in that grave. Therefore, none should be compared to him (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) because none is aware of the conditions of the dead.
Reference
صحيح البخاري (1/ 53) (218).
صحيح مسلم (1/ 240) (292).
تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام، لعبد الله البسام (ص43).
خلاصة الكلام شرح عمدة الأحكام، لفيصل آل مبارك (ص22).
الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام، لإسماعيل الأنصاري (1/ 29).
عَن هَانِئ مَوْلَى عُثْمَانَ رَضيَ اللهُ عنهُ قَالَ: كَانَ عُثْمَانُ إِذَا وَقَفَ عَلَى قَبْرٍ بَكَى حَتَّى يَبُلَّ لِحْيَتَهُ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: تُذْكَرُ الْجَنَّةُ وَالنَّارُ فَلَا تَبْكِي، وَتَبْكِي مِنْ هَذَا؟ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ: «إِنَّ الْقَبْرَ أَوَّلُ مَنْزِلٍ مِنْ مَنَازِلِ الْآخِرَةِ، فَإِنْ نَجَا مِنْهُ فَمَا بَعْدَهُ أَيْسَرُ مِنْهُ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَنْجُ مِنْهُ فَمَا بَعْدَهُ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُ».
Hāni’, the freed slave of ‘Uthmān (may Allah be pleased with him), reported: Whenever ‘Uthmān stood by a grave, he would cry until he would wet his beard. It was said to him: You remember Paradise and Hellfire and you do not cry, and yet you cry because of this? So he said: Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Verily, the grave is the first stage of the stages of the Hereafter. If one is saved from it, what comes after it is easier, but if one is not saved from it, then what comes after it is harder."
Narrated by At-Tirmidhi and Ibn MājahGradeHasan
Explanation
When the Commander of the Believers, ‘Uthmān ibn ‘Affān (may Allah be pleased with him), would stand by a grave, he would weep until his tears would wet his beard. It was said to him: You remember Paradise and Hellfire and you do not cry out of longing for Paradise or fear of Hellfire, but you weep because of the grave?! So he said: Verily, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) informed that the grave is the first stage of the stages of the Hereafter; if one is saved and delivered from it, then what comes next will be easier. But if one is not saved from its torment, then what follows of the punishment will be even more severe than what is in it.
Benefits
- Highlighting ‘Uthmān's fear of Allah Almighty although he was one of those given the glad tidings of entering Paradise.
- It is legitimate to weep upon remembering the horrors of the grave and the Day of Judgment.
- Establishing the bliss and torment of the grave.
- A stern warning against the torment of the grave.
Reference
سنن الترمذي (4/ 142) (2308).
سنن ابن ماجه (5/ 333) (4267).
مشكاة المصابيح، للتبريزي (1/ 48).
تحفة الأحوذي بشرح جامع الترمذي، المباركفوري (6/ 490).
مرقاة المفاتيح شرح مشكاة المصابيح، لعلي القاري (1/ 215).
عن البراء بن عازب رضي الله عنه ، قال: خرجنا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في جنازة رجل من الأنصار، فانتهينا إلى القبر ولمَّا يُلْحَد، فجلس رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وجلسنا حوله كأنما على رءوسنا الطير، وفي يده عود يَنكتُ به في الأرض، فرفع رأسه، فقال: «استعيذوا بالله من عذاب القبر» مرتين، أو ثلاثا، زاد في رواية: "وإنه ليسمع خَفْقَ نعالهم إذا وَلَّوا مُدْبِرين حين يقال له: يا هذا، من ربك؟ وما دينك؟ ومن نبيك؟" قال هناد: قال: "ويأتيه ملكان فيُجلِسانه فيقولان له: من ربك؟ فيقول: ربي الله، فيقولان له: ما دينك؟ فيقول: ديني الإسلام، فيقولان له: ما هذا الرجل الذي بُعث فيكم؟" قال: "فيقول: هو رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ، فيقولان: وما يُدريك؟ فيقول: قرأتُ كتاب الله فآمنت به وصدقت، «زاد في حديث جرير» فذلك قول الله عز وجل {يُثَبِّتُ اللهُ الذين آمنوا} [إبراهيم: 27]" الآية -ثم اتفقا- قال: "فينادي مُناد من السماء: أن قد صدق عبدي، فأفرشوه من الجنة، وافتحوا له بابا إلى الجنة، وألبسوه من الجنة" قال: «فيأتيه من رَوْحها وطِيبها» قال: «ويُفتَح له فيها مدَّ بصره» قال: «وإن الكافر» فذكر موته قال: "وتُعاد روحه في جسده، ويأتيه ملكان فيُجلسانه فيقولان: له من ربُّك؟ فيقول: هَاهْ هَاهْ هَاهْ، لا أدري، فيقولان له: ما دينك؟ فيقول: هَاهْ هَاهْ، لا أدري، فيقولان: ما هذا الرجل الذي بُعث فيكم؟ فيقول: هَاهْ هَاهْ، لا أدري، فينادي مناد من السماء: أن كذب، فأفرشوه من النار، وألبسوه من النار، وافتحوا له بابا إلى النار" قال: «فيأتيه من حَرِّها وسَمُومها» قال: «ويُضيَّق عليه قبره حتى تختلف فيه أضلاعه» زاد في حديث جرير قال: «ثم يُقَيَّض له أعمى أَبْكَم معه مِرْزَبّة من حديد، لو ضُرب بها جبل لصار ترابا» قال: «فيضربه بها ضربة يسمعها ما بين المشرق والمغرب إلا الثَّقَلين، فيصير ترابا» قال: «ثم تُعاد فيه الروح».
Al-Barā' ibn ‘Āzib (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We went out with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in a funeral procession of a man from the Ansār. We came to the grave and the niche had not yet been dug out. So the Messenger sat and we sat around him, as if we had birds upon our heads (very alert), and he had a stick in his hand with which he was striking the ground. He raised his head and said: "Seek refuge with Allah from the punishment of the grave," two or three times.
In another narration, this is added: “He hears the footfalls of their sandals when they go away, and it is said to him: ‘O you! Who is your Lord, what is your religion, and who is your prophet?’” Hanād said: “He said: ‘Then, two angels come to him and make him sit up. They will say to him: ‘Who is your Lord?’ He will say: ‘My Lord is Allah.’ They will say: ‘What is your religion?’ He will say: ‘My religion is Islam.’ They will say: ‘Who is this man who was sent amongst you?’ He will say: ‘He is the Messenger of Allah.’ They will say: ‘How did you come to know that?’ He will say: ‘I read the Book of Allah, believed in it, and attested to it.’” In another narration, Jarīr adds: "This is the statement of Allah, the Almighty: {Allah keeps firm those who believe.} [Sūrat Ibrahīm: 27]” “Then a caller will call from Heaven: ‘Indeed, my slave has spoken the truth, so spread a place for him in Paradise, open a door to Paradise for him, and dress him in the clothes of Paradise. Some of its fragrance and scent will come to him. A space as far as his eyes can see will be opened for him in it." Then, regarding the disbeliever, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) talked about his death and said: “And his soul will be restored to his body, and two angels will come and make him sit up. They will say: ‘Who is your Lord?’ He will say: ‘Ah, ah, I do not know!’ They will say: ‘What is your religion?’ He will say: ‘Ah, ah, I do not know!’ They will say: ‘Who is this man who was sent amongst you?’ He will say: ‘Ah, ah, I do not know!’ Then, a caller will call from the heaven: ‘He has lied, so spread a place for him in Hellfire, open a door to Hellfire for him, and dress him in the clothes of Hellfire.’ So some of its heat and scorching air will reach him, and his grave will be so compressed for him that his ribs will be crushed together.”
It is added in the narration by Jarīr: “Then a blind and mute angel will come to him, holding an iron sledge hammer, which, if a mountain was struck with it, it would turn it into dust. He will give him such a strike with it that it will be heard by whatever lies between the east and west, except mankind and the Jinn, and he will turn into dust. His spirit will then be restored to him."
Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by AhmadGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
Al-Barā' ibn ‘Āzib (may Allah be pleased with him) relates that they went out with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) to follow a man from the Ansār’s funeral procession and they arrived at his graveside before he was buried. So the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) sat down and they sat around him quietly and silently, out of respect for him. In his hand was a stick with which he was striking the ground, like one who is deep in thought. Then he raised his head and said: “Seek refuge with Allah from the punishment of the grave,” repeating it two or three times. He then informed them that the deceased hears the sound of his mourners' sandals when they depart from him, and meanwhile, two angels come to him, make him sit up, and they say to him: “Who is your Lord?” He will say: “My Lord is Allah.” They will say: “What is your religion?” He will say: “My religion is Islam.” They will say: “Who is this man who was sent amongst you?” He will say: “He is the Messenger of Allah.” They will say: “How did you come to know that?” He will say: “I read the Book of Allah, believed in it, and attested to it.” The ability of his tongue to give these answers easily is the intended meaning of the verse that reads: {Allah keeps firm those who believe, with the firm word} [Sūrat Ibrahīm: 27]. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) then said: “Then a caller will call from Heaven: ‘Indeed, my slave has spoken the truth”, and he held this belief in worldly life, and so he deserves to be honored", so spread a place for him in Paradise, open a door to Paradise for him, and dress him in the clothes of Paradise. It will be opened for him and “…some of its fragrance and scent will come to him. A space as far as his eyes can see will be opened for him in it…” Then, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned the disbeliever’s severe death, saying that his soul will be restored to his body after his burial and two angels will come to him, make him sit up, and say to him: “Who is your Lord?” In a state of confusion, he will say: “Ah, ah, I do not know!” They will further ask: “What is your religion?” He will say: “Ah, ah, I do not know!” They will say: “What do you say concerning this man who was sent amongst you? Is he a prophet or not?” He will say: “Ah, ah, I do not know!” So a caller will call out from the heaven: “This disbeliever has lied. His disbelief and lack of faith have led him to these lies. Indeed, the religion of Allah, the Almighty, and the prophet-hood of Muhammad spread far and wide and reached every corner of the globe. So set an abode for him in Hellfire, dress him like the inhabitants of Hellfire, and open for him a door to Hellfire. Consequently, some of its heat will reach him and his grave will be so compressed that his ribs will be crushed together and they will no longer have the sound form they once had. After that, a blind and mute angel will be sent to him, carrying a huge iron sledge-hammer that would turn a mountain into dust if struck by it. Using the sledge-hammer, the angel will strike him with such a blow that it will be heard by everything between the east and west, except for the Jinn and mankind. His soul will then be restored to his body, so he may taste the torment, and his torment in the grave will endure.
Reference
مسند الإمام أحمد بن حنبل، أحمد بن حنبل أبو عبدالله الشيباني، تحقيق: شعيب الأرنؤوط و عادل مرشد، وآخرون، تحت إشراف: عبد الله بن عبد المحسن التركي، مؤسسة الرسالة، الطبعة: الأولى1421هـ، 2001م.
سنن أبي داود، سليمان بن الأشعث أبوداود، تحقيق: محمد محيي الدين عبد الحميد، المكتبة العصرية،صيدا، بيروت.
صحيح الجامع الصغير وزيادته، محمد ناصر الدين الألباني، المكتب الإسلامي، بيروت، الطبعة: الثالثة 1408هـ.
مرقاة المفاتيح، علي بن سلطان القاري ، دار الفكر، بيروت، لبنان، الطبعة: الأولى 1422هـ، 2002م.
معجم اللغة العربية المعاصرة، أحمد مختار عبد الحميد عمر بمساعدة فريق عمل، الناشر: عالم الكتب، الطبعة: الأولى 1429هـ، 2008م.
تحفة الأحوذي بشرح جامع الترمذي، محمد عبد الرحمن بن عبد الرحيم المباركفورى، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت.
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عون المعبود شرح سنن أبي داود، ومعه حاشية ابن القيم: تهذيب سنن أبي داود وإيضاح علله ومشكلاته، محمد أشرف بن أمير العظيم آبادي، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت، الطبعة الثانية، 1415هـ.
إكمال المعلم بفوائد مسلم، عياض بن موسى اليحصبي السبتي، المحقق: يحيى إسماعيل، الناشر: دار الوفاء للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع، مصر، الطبعة: الأولى، 1419هـ، 1998م.