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Explained ḥadīths

The people of the pre-Islamic era of ignorance would practice Īlā' (take an oath not to have sexual intercourse with their wives) for a duration of one or two years. Then Allah timed the effective duration of this oath

عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما أنه قال: «كان إيلاء أهل الجاهلية السنة والسنتين، ثم وَقَّتَ الله الإيلاء فمن كان إيلاؤُه دون أربعة أشهر فليس بإيلاء».
Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The people of the pre-Islamic era of ignorance would practice Īlā' (take an oath not to have sexual intercourse with their wives) for a duration of one or two years. Then Allah timed the effective duration of this oath. So, for those who swear not to approach their wives for less than four months, the oath is not effective.
Al-Bayhaqi - At-Tabaraani - Sa‘eed ibn MansoorGradeNo judgment by Shaykh Al-Albaani is available
Explanation

This tradition of Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) indicates that people during the pre-Islamic era of ignorance would swear not to have sexual intercourse with their wives for one or two years. They would also divorce their wives more than three times. So, whenever the waiting period was about to expire, they would restore their wives and then divorce them again. This way, the oath not to have intimacy with the wife, which is known as Īlā', was extremely harmful to women. Therefore, Allah set a duration for an effective oath: four months. Exceeding the four months without intimacy with the wife entails one of two things: divorcing her or resuming intimacy with her. What is less than four months is not considered Īlā'; rather, it is considered a disciplinary measure that a husband uses against the wife. It does not count as an oath of Īlā'.

Reference

منحة العلام في شرح بلوغ المرام، تأليف عبد الله الفوزان، طبعة دار ابن الجوزي، الطبعة الأولى، 1428ه. توضيح الأحكام شرح بلوغ المرام، تأليف عبد الله البسام، مكتبة الأسدي، مكة المكرمة، الطبعة الخامِسَة، 1423هـ - 2003م. تسهيل الإلمام بفقه الأحاديث من بلوغ المرام، تأليف الشيخ صالح الفوزان، عناية عبد السلام السليمان - مؤسسة الرسالة، الطبعة الأولى. فتح ذي الجلال والإكرام بشرح بلوغ المرام، للشيخ ابن عثيمين- المكتبة الإسلامية، القاهرة، تحقيق صبحي رمضان وأم إسراء بيومي- الطبعة الأولى، 1427ه. السنن الكبرى للبيهقي- المحقق: محمد عبد القادر عطا، دار الكتب العلمية، بيروت – لبنان، الطبعة الثالثة، 1424هـ - 2003م. سنن سعيد بن منصور، لأبي عثمان سعيد بن منصور، المحقق: حبيب الرحمن الأعظمي -الدار السلفية – الهند، الطبعة الأولى، 1403هـ - 1982م. مجمع الزوائد ومنبع الفوائد، أبو الحسن نور الدين الهيثمي، المحقق: حسام الدين القدسي، مكتبة القدسي، القاهرة، 1414هـ - 1994م.

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Oath to Abstain from Intercourse with One's Wife

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