عن عبد الله بن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم فتح مكة: «لا هجرة بعد الفتح، ولكن جهاد ونية. وإذا اسْتُنْفِرْتُم فَانْفِرُوا. وقال يوم فتح مكة: «إن هذا البَلد حَرَّمَهُ الله يوم خلق الله السموات والأرض، فهو حَرَامٌ بحُرْمَةِ الله إلَى يوم القيامة، وإنه لم يحل القتال فيه لِأَحَدٍ قَبْلِي، ولم يَحِلَّ لي إلا ساعة من نهار، حرام بِحرمة الله إلى يوم القيامة، لا يُعْضَدُ شَوْكُهُ، وَلاَ يُنَفَّرُ صَيْدُهُ، وَلاَ يَلْتَقِطُ لُقَطَتَهُ إلا من عَرَّفَهَا، ولاَ يُخْتَلَى خَلاَهُ». فقال العباس: يا رسول الله، إلا الإِذْخِرَ؛ فإنه لِقَيْنِهِمْ وبيوتهم؟ فقال: «إلا الإِذْخِرَ».
‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: On the day of the Conquest of Makkah, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no emigration after the Conquest (of Makkah), but there is Jihad and good intention, and whenever you are called for Jihad, you should immediately respond to the call." On the same day, he added: "Verily, Allah has made this city sacred since the day He created the heavens and the earth. Thus, it is a sanctuary by Allah’s decree until the Day of Judgment. Fighting in it was not permissible for anyone before me, and it was made permissible for me for only an hour of a day. It is sacred by the sacredness granted by Allah until the Day of Judgment. Its thorns should not be cut off, and its game should not be chased, and any lost item found therein should not be picked up except by one who would announce it publicly, and its green grass should not be cut off." Al-‘Abbās said: "O Messenger of Allah, except for lemongrass, for it is used by their blacksmiths and for their domestic purposes.' So, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) responded: "Except for lemongrass."
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) informs that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) delivered a sermon on the Day of the Conquest of Makkah. He said that there is no emigration from Makkah, because it has become part of the Muslim lands. He then ordered the Muslims to fight if they are ordered to, in obedience to Allah, His Messenger and the ruler of the land. He then spoke of the sanctity of Makkah, and that it has been made sacred since Allah created the heavens and the earth. He said that it was not made lawful for anyone to fight in before him and that it will not be made permissible for any one after him either, as it was made lawful for him to fight therein for only an hour of the day, and then it returned to its original state of sanctity. He then mentioned that it is not permissible to cut off its thorns or to chase its game, and that no one should pick up lost items found in it except if he wants to announce it. He added that its vegetation should not be cut off, including grass and fodder. He excluded lemongrass because of the benefits it provides to the people of Makkah as it was used by the blacksmiths in starting fire for their work.
Reference
عمدة الأحكام، تأليف: عبد الغني بن عبد الواحد المقدسي، تحقيق: محمود الأرناؤوط، دار الثقافة العربية ومؤسسة قرطبة، الطبعة الثانية، 1408هـ.
تيسير العلام، تأليف: عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن البسام، تحقيق محمد صبحي بن حسن حلاق، مكتبة الصحابة ومكتبة التابعين، الطبعة العاشرة، 1426 هـ.
تأسيس الأحكام شرح عمدة الأحكام، تأليف: أحمد بن يحي النجمي: نسخة إلكترونية لا يوجد بها بيانات نشر.
تنبيه الأفهام شرح عمدة الإحكام، تأليف: محمد بن صالح العثيمين، مكتبة الصحابة ومكتبة التابعين، الطبعة الأولى: 1426هـ.
صحيح البخاري ، تأليف: محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري ، تحقيق: محمد زهير الناصر، الناشر: دار طوق النجاة الطبعة: الأولى، 1422هـ.
صحيح مسلم، تأليف: مسلم بن الحجاج النيسابوري، تحقيق: محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، الناشر: دار إحياء التراث العربي – بيروت.
عن زيد بن خالد الجهني رضي الله عنه : «سئل رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن لُقَطَة الذهب، أو الوَرِق؟ فقال: اعرف وكِاَءَهَا وعِفَاصَهَا، ثم عَرِّفْهَا سَنَةً، فإن لم تُعرَف فاستنفقها، ولتكن وديعة عندك فإن جاء طالبها يوما من الدهر؛ فأدها إليه.
وسأله عن ضالة الإبل؟ فقال: ما لك ولها؟ دَعْهَا فإن معها حِذَاَءَهَا وسِقَاءَهَا، تَرِدُ الماء وتأكل الشجر، حتى يجدها رَبُّهَا.
وسأله عن الشاة؟ فقال: خذها؛ فإنما هي لك، أو لأخيك، أو للذئب».
Zayd ibn Khālid al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was asked about the lost and picked up item that is made of gold or silver, whereupon he said: "Remember the description of its container and the string with which it is tied. Make a public announcement of it for one year. If nobody comes and claims it, then utilize the money but keep it as a trust with you. If its owner comes back one day seeking it, then return it to him."
Then, he asked him about the lost camel, whereupon the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is none of your concern. Leave it, for it has its feet and a water container (reservoir), and it will reach water and eat from the trees until its owner finds it."
He then asked him about the lost sheep, whereupon he said: "Take it, for it is either for you, or for your brother, or for the wolf."
Narrated by Bukhari & MuslimGradeAuthentic hadith
Explanation
A man asked the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) about the ruling on lost property, such as gold, silver, camels, and sheep. The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) clarified to him the ruling on these things so that it could be an example of other similar lost properties that would, thus, take the same ruling.
He said about gold and silver: Remember the description of its container and the string with which it is tied, so that you can distinguish it from your own property and you can tell if it belongs to those who claim it. If one comes claiming it, and his description of such an item matches the description that you know, then give it to that person; otherwise, it will be clear to you that his claim is false.
Then, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered him to announce it for one year after finding it. The announcement should be made in public places where people gather like the markets, at the doors of mosques, in public assembly places, and in the place where it was found. Then, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) allowed him - after announcing it in public for one year and not finding its owner - to spend it or use it. If the owner appears at any time, then the one who found it should give it to him.
As for a lost camel and the like, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prohibited him from taking it, because it does not need anyone to protect it. It is naturally an animal that can take care of itself and protect itself from small wild animals. A camel has hooves and legs that can travel long distances; its neck enables it to eat from the trees and drink water, and its stomach is equipped to store water and food. So the camel can protect itself until it is found by its owner who will be looking for it in the place where it got lost.
As for lost sheep and other small animals, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) ordered him to take it and protect it from destruction or being attacked by predatory animals. After taking possession of it, either its owner will come and claim it, or a year will pass after announcing it with no one to claim it, so it will be a property of the one who found it.
Reference
- صحيح البخاري –الجامع الصحيح-؛ للإمام أبي عبد الله محمد بن إسماعيل البخاري، عناية محمد زهير الناصر، دار طوق النجاة، الطبعة الأولى، 1422هـ.
- صحيح مسلم؛ للإمام مسلم بن الحجاج، حققه ورقمه محمد فؤاد عبد الباقي، دار عالم الكتب-الرياض، الطبعة الأولى، 1417هـ.
- الإلمام بشرح عمدة الأحكام للشيخ إسماعيل الأنصاري-مطبعة السعادة-الطبعة الثانية 1392ه.
- تيسير العلام شرح عمدة الأحكام-عبد الله البسام-تحقيق محمد صبحي حسن حلاق- مكتبة الصحابة- الشارقة- الطبعة العاشرة- 1426ه.