Matter, way, heart, family, hand, knowledge, saying and night

This lesson teaches eight nouns the Qur’ān uses often. They show again the two things lesson 9 taught, gender and number, now with the dual from lesson 13, and one more kind of noun: the noun made from a verb.

The new words

Two hands

Yadāhu is yadā, "two hands", and hu, "his". The corpus marks yadā feminine dual. A dual in the nominative ends in -āni, and before a pronoun it loses its -ni: yadāni becomes yadā-.

Many hands

Bi-aydī is bi and aydī, a broken plural of yad: the corpus marks it feminine plural, in the genitive.

Hearts

Qulūbihim is qulūb, the broken plural of qalb, "heart", and him, "their". The corpus marks qulūb feminine plural.

A noun made from a verb

Qawl, "saying", is the noun of the verb qāla, "said", from lesson 6. Grammar calls such a noun the verbal noun, maṣdar, and the corpus marks it as one.

La-qawlu is la-, the lām of emphasis, and qawlu, "saying", in the nominative.

The night

Al-layla is al- and layl, "night". The l of al- is joined to the l of layl and written once, doubled.

In a sentence

This sentence was written for practice. Fī yadihi kitābun: "in his hand", fī yadihi, then "a book". The place comes first, and the thing found there after it.

Reading

الكلمات التي تعرفها كاملةً بعد هذا الدرس مُعلَّمة.

Recall

• What happens to the dual's -ni before a pronoun?
• What is the broken plural of qalb?
• What does grammar call qawl?

Answers: it is dropped, yadā-hu; qulūb; the verbal noun, the noun of qāla.

Next

The next lesson teaches the words that carry the religion, which the course leaves to the verses to give their meaning, and how they are built.