الأنفال

يَسْـَٔلُونَكَ عَنِ ٱلْأَنفَالِ ۖ قُلِ ٱلْأَنفَالُ لِلَّهِ وَٱلرَّسُولِ ۖ فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَصْلِحُوا۟ ذَاتَ بَيْنِكُمْ ۖ وَأَطِيعُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓ إِن كُنتُم مُّؤْمِنِينَ ١

{ يسألونك } يا محمد { عن الأنفال } الغنائم لمن هي؟ { قل } لهم { الأنفال لله والرسول } يجعلانها حيث شاءا فقسمها صلى الله عليه وسلم بينهم على السواء. رواه الحاكم في المستدرك { فاتقوا الله وأصلحوا ذات بينكم } أي حقيقة ما بينكم بالمودة وترك النزاع { وأطيعوا الله ورسوله إن كنتم مؤمنين } حقا.

‘They question you, O Muhammad (s), concerning the spoils of war — the booty — to whom do they belong? Say, to them: ‘The spoils of war belong to God, Who places them where He will, and the Messenger, who divides them according to God’s command. The Prophet (s) divided these [spoils] between them equally, as reported by al-Hākim in his al-Mustadrak. So fear God and set things right between you, that is, [set right] the reality of that [state of affairs] which is between you, through mutual affection and the refraining from quarrelling; and obey God and His Messenger, if you are, truly, believers’.

إِنَّمَا ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ ٱلَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِرَ ٱللَّهُ وَجِلَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَإِذَا تُلِيَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ ءَايَـٰتُهُۥ زَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَـٰنًا وَعَلَىٰ رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ ٢

{ إنما المؤمنون } الكاملون الإيمان { الذين إذا ذكر الله } أي وعيده { وجلت } خافت { قلوبهم وإذا تليت عليهم ءايته زادتهم إيمنا } تصديقا { وعلى ربهم يتوكلون } به يثقون لا بغيره.

The believers, those whose faith is complete, are only those who, when God is mentioned, that is, when His threat of punishment [is mentioned], their hearts tremble, fear, and when His verses are recited to them, they increase their faith, their acceptance of the truth, and who rely upon their Lord, [who] put their trust in Him [alone], and not in any other.

ٱلَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَـٰهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ ٣

{ الذين يقيمون الصلوة } يأتون بها بحقوقها { ومما رزقنهم } أعطيناهم { ينفقون } في طاعة الله.

Those who observe the prayers, performing them as they ought to be [performed], and who expend, in obedience to God, from that with which We have provided them.

أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ هُمُ ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ حَقًّا ۚ لَّهُمْ دَرَجَـٰتٌ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ وَرِزْقٌ كَرِيمٌ ٤

{ أولئك } الموصوفون بما ذكر { هم المؤمنون حقا } صدقا بلا شك { لهم درجت } منازل في الجنة { عند ربهم ومغفرة ورزق كريم } في الجنة.

Those, described in the way mentioned, are the true, the real, believers, without doubt. For them are ranks, stations in Paradise, with their Lord, and forgiveness, and generous provision, in Paradise.

كَمَآ أَخْرَجَكَ رَبُّكَ مِنۢ بَيْتِكَ بِٱلْحَقِّ وَإِنَّ فَرِيقًا مِّنَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَكَـٰرِهُونَ ٥

{ كمآ أخرجك ربك من بيتك بالحق } متعلق ب «أخرج» { وإن فريقا من المؤمنين لكرهون } الخروج، والجملة حال من كاف «أخرجك» و «كما» خبر مبتدأ محذوف: أي هذه الحال في كراهتهم لها مثل إخراجك في حال كراهتهم، وقد كان خيرا لهم، فكذلك هذه أيضا، وذلك أن أبا سفيان قدم بعير من الشام، فخرج النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه ليغنموها، فعلمت قريش فخرج أبو جهل ومقاتلو مكة ليذبوا عنها وهم النفير، وأخذ أبو سفيان بالعير طريق الساحل فنجت، فقيل لأبي جهل ارجع فأبى وسار إلى بدر، فشاورالنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أصحابه وقال:

" إن الله وعدني إحدى الطائفتين "

، فوافقوه على قتال النفير، وكره بعضهم ذلك وقالوا: لم نستعد له، كما قال تعالى:

As your Lord brought you forth from your home with the truth (bi’l-haqq is semantically connected to akhraja, ‘He brought forth’), and indeed a party of the believers were averse, to going forth (the [last] sentence is a circumstantial qualifier referring to the [suffixed pronoun] kāf in akhrajaka, ‘He brought you forth’; kamā, ‘as’, is the predicate of an omitted subject, in other words: their aversion to this state [of affairs of the booty being God’s and the Prophet’s] is similar to their aversion when you were brought forth [to fight], which had actually been better for them: likewise is this [state of affairs better for them]). It happened that Abū Sufyān was returning from Syria with a caravan. The Prophet (s) and his followers went forth to plunder it; but Quraysh became aware of this, and so Abū Jahl and some Meccan fighters rode out to defend it — these constituted the ‘band’. Abū Sufyān drove the caravan via the coastal route and it managed to escape. Abū Jahl was then advised to return, but he refused and marched on towards Badr. The Prophet (s) consulted with his followers, saying to them, ‘God has promised me one of the two parties’. So they agreed with him to attack the [Meccan] band, but some of them were averse to this, complaining, ‘We have not come prepared for this!’, as God, exalted be He, says:

يُجَـٰدِلُونَكَ فِى ٱلْحَقِّ بَعْدَ مَا تَبَيَّنَ كَأَنَّمَا يُسَاقُونَ إِلَى ٱلْمَوْتِ وَهُمْ يَنظُرُونَ ٦

{ يجدلونك في الحق } القتال { بعد ما تبين } ظهر لهم { كأنما يساقون إلى الموت وهم ينظرون } إليه عيانا في كراهتهم له.

They dispute with you concerning the truth, [the order] to fight, after it had become clear, [after it had] become evident to them, as though they were being driven to death while they looked, at it [death] with their very eyes, utterly averse to it.

وَإِذْ يَعِدُكُمُ ٱللَّهُ إِحْدَى ٱلطَّآئِفَتَيْنِ أَنَّهَا لَكُمْ وَتَوَدُّونَ أَنَّ غَيْرَ ذَاتِ ٱلشَّوْكَةِ تَكُونُ لَكُمْ وَيُرِيدُ ٱللَّهُ أَن يُحِقَّ ٱلْحَقَّ بِكَلِمَـٰتِهِۦ وَيَقْطَعَ دَابِرَ ٱلْكَـٰفِرِينَ ٧

{ و } اذكر { إذ يعدكم الله إحدى الطآئفتين } العير أو النفير { أنها لكم وتودون } تريدون { أن غير ذات الشوكة } أي البأس والسلاح وهي العير { تكون لكم } لقلة عددها وعددها بخلاف النفير { ويريد الله أن يحق الحق } يظهره { بكلمته } السابقة بظهور الإسلام { ويقطع دابر الكفرين } آخرهم بالاستئصال فأمركم بقتال النفير.

And, remember, when God promised you one of the two parties, either the caravan or the band [of Meccan fighters], that it should be yours, and you longed, you were wishing, that other than the armed one, that is, [other than] the fighting one with the weapons, in other words, [you longed that] the caravan, should be yours, because it had fewer men and less reinforcements than the band [of Mecca fighters]; but God willed that the truth be realised, [He willed] to manifest it, by His, preceding, words, that Islam should triumph; and to cut the root of the disbelievers, to the very last man, by extirpating them, and so He commanded you to fight against the band.

لِيُحِقَّ ٱلْحَقَّ وَيُبْطِلَ ٱلْبَـٰطِلَ وَلَوْ كَرِهَ ٱلْمُجْرِمُونَ ٨

{ ليحق الحق ويبطل } يمحق { البطل } الكفر { ولو كره المجرمون } المشركون ذلك.

And that He might cause the truth to be realised and annul, efface, falsehood, disbelief, however much the sinners, the idolaters, were averse, to that.

إِذْ تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ فَٱسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ أَنِّى مُمِدُّكُم بِأَلْفٍ مِّنَ ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ ٩

اذكر { إذ تستغيثون ربكم } تطلبون منه الغوث بالنصر عليهم { فاستجاب لكم أني } أي بأني { ممدكم } معينكم { بألف من الملائكة مردفين } متتابعين يردف بعضهم بعضا، وعدهم بها أولا ثم صارت ثلاثة آلاف ثم خمسة كما في( آل عمران)[125:3]. وقرىء [شذوذا] «بآلف» [جمع(ألف)]كأفلس جمع[(فلس)].

When you sought help from your Lord, asking Him to help you by granting you victory over them, and He answered you [saying]: ‘I shall reinforce you, I shall assist you, with a thousand angels, rank upon rank’, one rank following after the next: God promised them this [number] at first, but it then became three thousand, and then five thousand, as stated in [sūrat] Āl ‘Imrān [Q. 3:124-125] (a variant reading [of alf, ‘thousand’] has the plural āluf, ‘thousands’, similar [in pattern] to aflus, ‘coins’).

وَمَا جَعَلَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِلَّا بُشْرَىٰ وَلِتَطْمَئِنَّ بِهِۦ قُلُوبُكُمْ ۚ وَمَا ٱلنَّصْرُ إِلَّا مِنْ عِندِ ٱللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ ١٠

{ وما جعله الله } أي الإمداد { إلا بشرى ولتطمئن به قلوبكم وما النصر إلا من عند الله إن الله عزيز حكيم }.

And God appointed it, that is, the reinforcement, only as good tidings, and that your hearts might thereby be reassured. Victory comes only from God: surely God is Mighty, Wise.

إِذْ يُغَشِّيكُمُ ٱلنُّعَاسَ أَمَنَةً مِّنْهُ وَيُنَزِّلُ عَلَيْكُم مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءً لِّيُطَهِّرَكُم بِهِۦ وَيُذْهِبَ عَنكُمْ رِجْزَ ٱلشَّيْطَـٰنِ وَلِيَرْبِطَ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِكُمْ وَيُثَبِّتَ بِهِ ٱلْأَقْدَامَ ١١

اذكر { إذ يغشيكم النعاس أمنة } أمنا مما حصل لكم من الخوف { منه } تعالى { وينزل عليكم من السمآء مآء ليطهركم به } من الأحداث والجنابات { ويذهب عنكم رجز الشيطن } وسوسته إليكم بأنكم لو كنتم على الحق ما كنتم ظمأى محدثين والمشركون على الماء { وليربط } يحبس { على قلوبكم } باليقين والصبر { ويثبت به الأقدام } أن تسوخ في الرمل.

Remember, when He caused slumber to overcome you as security, against the fear that had befallen you, from Him, from God, and sent down upon you water from the heaven, to purify you thereby, from minor and major ritual impurities; and to remove from you the evil of Satan, his whisperings to you that, had you been on the right path, you would not have been thirsty and impure, while the idolaters enjoyed [access to] water; and to strengthen, to seal, your hearts, with certainty and endurance; and to make firm your feet, lest they sink in the sand.

إِذْ يُوحِى رَبُّكَ إِلَى ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةِ أَنِّى مَعَكُمْ فَثَبِّتُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ۚ سَأُلْقِى فِى قُلُوبِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ ٱلرُّعْبَ فَٱضْرِبُوا۟ فَوْقَ ٱلْأَعْنَاقِ وَٱضْرِبُوا۟ مِنْهُمْ كُلَّ بَنَانٍ ١٢

{ إذ يوحى ربك إلى الملائكة } الذين أمد بهم المسلمين { أنى } أي بأني { معكم } بالعون والنصر { فثبتوا الذين ءامنوا } بالإعانة والتبشير { سألقى في قلوب الذين كفروا الرعب } الخوف { فاضربوا فوق الأعناق } أي الرؤوس { واضربوا منهم كل بنان } أي أطراف اليدين والرجلين، فكان الرجل يقصد ضرب رقبة الكافر فتسقط قبل أن يصل إليه سيفه، ورماهم صلى الله عليه وسلم بقبضة من حصى فلم يبق مشرك إلا دخل في عينيه منها شيء فهزموا.

When your Lord inspired the angels, with whom He reinforced the Muslims, [saying]: ‘I am with you, with assistance and victorious help, so make the believers stand firm, by helping [them] and giving [them] good tidings. I shall cast terror, fear, into the hearts of the disbelievers; so smite above the necks, that is, the heads, and smite of them every finger!’, that is, [smite] the extremities of their hands and feet: thus, when one of them went to strike an disbeliever’s head, it would roll off before his sword reached it. The Prophet (s) threw a handful of pebbles against them and every single idolater was struck in his eye, and thus they were defeated.