الفرقان

تَبَارَكَ ٱلَّذِى نَزَّلَ ٱلْفُرْقَانَ عَلَىٰ عَبْدِهِۦ لِيَكُونَ لِلْعَـٰلَمِينَ نَذِيرًا ١

{ تبارك } تعالى { الذى نزل الفرقان } القرآن لأنه فرق بين الحق والباطل { على عبده } محمد { ليكون للعلمين } أي الإنس والجن دون الملائكة { نذيرا } مخوفا من عذاب الله.

Blessed, exalted, is He Who revealed the Criterion (al-furqān), the Qur’ān — called thus [al-furqān] because it has discriminated (faraqa) between truth and falsehood — to His servant, Muhammad (s), that he may be to all the worlds, [to] mankind and the jinn, but not the angels, a warner, a threatening of God’s chastisement.

ٱلَّذِى لَهُۥ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَلَمْ يَتَّخِذْ وَلَدًا وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُۥ شَرِيكٌ فِى ٱلْمُلْكِ وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ فَقَدَّرَهُۥ تَقْدِيرًا ٢

{ الذى له ملك السموت والأرض ولم يتخذ ولدا ولم يكن له شريك فى الملك وخلق كل شىء } من شأنه أن يخلق { فقدره تقديرا } سواه تسوية.

He to Whom belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, and Who has not taken a son, nor has He any partner in sovereignty; and He created everything, which was meant to be created, and then determined it in a precise measure, He fashioned it in a balanced form.

وَٱتَّخَذُوا۟ مِن دُونِهِۦٓ ءَالِهَةً لَّا يَخْلُقُونَ شَيْـًٔا وَهُمْ يُخْلَقُونَ وَلَا يَمْلِكُونَ لِأَنفُسِهِمْ ضَرًّا وَلَا نَفْعًا وَلَا يَمْلِكُونَ مَوْتًا وَلَا حَيَوٰةً وَلَا نُشُورًا ٣

{ واتخذوا } أي الكفار { من دونه } أي الله: أي غيره { ءالهة } هي الأصنام { لا يخلقون شيئا وهم يخلقون ولا يملكون لانفسهم ضرا } أي دفعه { ولا نفعا } أي جره { ولا يملكون موتا ولا حيوة } أي إماتة لأحد ولا إحياء لأحد { ولا نشورا } أي بعثا للأموات.

Yet they, the disbelievers, have taken besides Him, that is, [besides] God, in other words, other than Him, gods, from among the idols, who create nothing but have themselves been created, and who possess no harm for themselves, that is, [the power] to repel it, nor any benefit, that is, [the power] to attract it, nor do they possess [any power over] death or life, that is, [nor do they have the power] to make a person die or to give him life, or resurrection, that is, [nor do they have power] to raise the dead.

وَقَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ إِنْ هَـٰذَآ إِلَّآ إِفْكٌ ٱفْتَرَىٰهُ وَأَعَانَهُۥ عَلَيْهِ قَوْمٌ ءَاخَرُونَ ۖ فَقَدْ جَآءُو ظُلْمًا وَزُورًا ٤

{ وقال الذين كفروا إن هذآ } أي ما القرآن { إلا إفك } كذب { افتره } محمد { وأعانه عليه قوم ءاخرون } وهم أهل الكتاب، قال تعالى { فقد جآءوا ظلما وزورا } كفرا وكذبا: أي بهما.

And those who disbelieve say, ‘This, Qur’ān, is nothing but a calumny, a lie, that he, Muhammad (s), has invented, and other folk have helped him with it’, who [according to the disbelievers] were from among the People of the Scripture. God, exalted be He, says: Verily thus they have committed wrong and [spoken] falsehood, [they have come with] disbelief and mendacity.

وَقَالُوٓا۟ أَسَـٰطِيرُ ٱلْأَوَّلِينَ ٱكْتَتَبَهَا فَهِىَ تُمْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا ٥

{ وقالوا } أيضا هو { أسطير الأولين } أكاذيبهم، جمع أسطورة بالضم { اكتتبها } انتسخها من ذلك القوم بغيره { فهى تملى } تقرأ { عليه } ليحفظها { بكرة وأصيلا } غدوة وعشيا، قال تعالى ردا عليهم:

And they say, that it [the Qur’ān] is also, ‘Fables, their lies (asātir is the plural of ustūra) of the ancients which he has had written down, that he has had someone from among those people copy it down for him, so that they are read to him, for him to memorise, morning and evening’. God, exalted be He, responds to them saying:

قُلْ أَنزَلَهُ ٱلَّذِى يَعْلَمُ ٱلسِّرَّ فِى ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا ٦

{ قل أنزله الذى يعلم السر } الغيب { في السموت والأرض إنه كان غفورا } للمؤمنين { رحيما } بهم.

Say: ‘It has been revealed by Him Who knows the secret, the Unseen, of the heavens and the earth. Truly He is ever Forgiving, of believers, Merciful’, to them.

وَقَالُوا۟ مَالِ هَـٰذَا ٱلرَّسُولِ يَأْكُلُ ٱلطَّعَامَ وَيَمْشِى فِى ٱلْأَسْوَاقِ ۙ لَوْلَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مَلَكٌ فَيَكُونَ مَعَهُۥ نَذِيرًا ٧

{ وقالوا مال هذا الرسول يأكل الطعام ويمشى فى الاسواق لولآ } هلا { أنزل إليه ملك فيكون معه نذيرا } يصدقه؟.

And they also say, ‘What is it with this Messenger that he eats food and walks about in the marketplaces? Why has an angel not been sent down to him so as to be a warner along with him?, and confirm his truthfulness.

أَوْ يُلْقَىٰٓ إِلَيْهِ كَنزٌ أَوْ تَكُونُ لَهُۥ جَنَّةٌ يَأْكُلُ مِنْهَا ۚ وَقَالَ ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ إِن تَتَّبِعُونَ إِلَّا رَجُلًا مَّسْحُورًا ٨

{ أو يلقى إليه كنز } من السماء ينفقه، ولا يحتاج إلى المشي في الأسواق لطلب المعاش؟ { أو تكون له جنة } بستان { يأكل منها } أي من ثمارها فيكتفي بها. وفي قراءة «نأكل» بالنون: أي نحن، فيكون له مزية علينا بها { وقال الظلمون } أي الكافرون للمؤمنين { إن } ما { تتبعون إلا رجلا مسحورا } مخدوعا مغلوبا على عقله.

Or a treasure thrown down to him, from the heaven, for him to spend from so as not to be in need of walking through the marketplaces in order to earn his livelihood. Or he has a garden, an orchard, for him to eat from?’, that is, [to eat] from its fruits and satisfy himself therewith (a variant reading [for ya’kulu, ‘for him to eat’] has na’kulu, ‘for us to eat’) and thus possess because of that [garden] an advantage over us. The wrongdoers, namely, the disbelievers, say, to the believers: ‘You are just following a man bewitched!’, one duped, his mind overcome. God, exalted be He, says:

ٱنظُرْ كَيْفَ ضَرَبُوا۟ لَكَ ٱلْأَمْثَـٰلَ فَضَلُّوا۟ فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ سَبِيلًا ٩

قال تعالى: { انظر كيف ضربوا لك الأمثال } بالمسحور، والمحتاج إلى ما ينفقه وإلى ملك يقوم معه بالأمر { فضلوا } بذلك عن الهدى { فلا يستطيعون سبيلا } طريقا إليه.

See how they strike similitudes for you, of [the fact that the Prophet is] a person bewitched and one in need of something to expend [from] and of an angel to help him carry out the task [of delivering the Message], so that they go astray, thereby from guidance, and are unable to find a way, a means thereto [to guidance].

تَبَارَكَ ٱلَّذِىٓ إِن شَآءَ جَعَلَ لَكَ خَيْرًا مِّن ذَٰلِكَ جَنَّـٰتٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَـٰرُ وَيَجْعَل لَّكَ قُصُورًۢا ١٠

{ تبارك } تكاثر خير الله { الذى إن شآء جعل لك خيرا من ذلك } الذي قالوه من الكنز والبستان { جنت تجرى من تحتها الأنهر } أي في الدنيا لأنه شاء أن يعطيه إياها في الآخرة { ويجعل } بالجزم { لك قصورا } أيضا، وفي قراءة بالرفع استئنافا.

Blessed is He, abundant is the good of God, Who, if He will, will give you better than that, treasure or orchard which they mentioned — gardens underneath which rivers flow, in this world, for He has already willed to give him such things in the Hereafter, and will give (read apocopated form wa-yaj‘al) you palaces, as well (a variant reading [of the apocopated yaj‘al] is yaj‘alu, ‘He will give’, beginning a new sentence).

بَلْ كَذَّبُوا۟ بِٱلسَّاعَةِ ۖ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِمَن كَذَّبَ بِٱلسَّاعَةِ سَعِيرًا ١١

{ بل كذبوا بالساعة } القيامة { وأعتدنا لمن كذب بالساعة سعيرا } نارا مسعرة: أي مشتدة.

Nay, but they deny the [coming of the] Hour, the Resurrection, and We have prepared for those who deny the Hour a blaze (sa‘īr), a fire that has been set ablaze (musa‘‘ara), in other words, an intense [fire].

إِذَا رَأَتْهُم مِّن مَّكَانٍۭ بَعِيدٍ سَمِعُوا۟ لَهَا تَغَيُّظًا وَزَفِيرًا ١٢

{ إذا رأتهم من مكان بعيد سمعوا لها تغيظا } غليانا كالغضبان إذا غلا صدره من الغضب { وزفيرا } صوتا شديدا، و سماع التغيظ رؤيته وعلمه.

When it sees them from a distant place, they will hear it raging, boiling like an enraged person when his heart boils with anger, and roaring, [producing] a powerful noise. Alternatively, what is meant by their ‘hearing it raging’ is their vision of it and awareness of it.